approfondir
French edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
approfondir
- to deepen
- to consider more thoroughly, to delve deeper into
- 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:
- Avec ces propos et d’autres semblables, le pauvre gentilhomme perdait le jugement. Il passait les nuits et se donnait la torture pour les comprendre, pour les approfondir, pour leur tirer le sens des entrailles, ce qu’Aristote lui-même n’aurait pu faire, s’il fût ressuscité tout exprès pour cela.
- With these passages and other similar ones, the poor gentleman lost his judgement. He spent his nights and tortured himself to understand them, to consider them more deeply, to take from them their deepest meaning, which Aristotle himself would not have been able to do, had he been resurrected for that very purpose.
Conjugation edit
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of approfondir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | approfondir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | approfondissant /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | approfondi /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | approfondis /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di/ |
approfondis /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di/ |
approfondit /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di/ |
approfondissons /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sɔ̃/ |
approfondissez /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.se/ |
approfondissent /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.dis/ |
| imperfect | approfondissais /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sɛ/ |
approfondissais /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sɛ/ |
approfondissait /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sɛ/ |
approfondissions /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sjɔ̃/ |
approfondissiez /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sje/ |
approfondissaient /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | approfondis /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di/ |
approfondis /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di/ |
approfondit /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di/ |
approfondîmes /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.dim/ |
approfondîtes /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.dit/ |
approfondirent /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.diʁ/ | |
| future | approfondirai /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁe/ |
approfondiras /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁa/ |
approfondira /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁa/ |
approfondirons /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁɔ̃/ |
approfondirez /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁe/ |
approfondiront /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | approfondirais /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁɛ/ |
approfondirais /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁɛ/ |
approfondirait /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁɛ/ |
approfondirions /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁjɔ̃/ |
approfondiriez /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁje/ |
approfondiraient /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | approfondisse /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.dis/ |
approfondisses /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.dis/ |
approfondisse /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.dis/ |
approfondissions /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sjɔ̃/ |
approfondissiez /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sje/ |
approfondissent /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.dis/ |
| imperfect2 | approfondisse /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.dis/ |
approfondisses /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.dis/ |
approfondît /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di/ |
approfondissions /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sjɔ̃/ |
approfondissiez /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sje/ |
approfondissent /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.dis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | approfondis /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di/ |
— | approfondissons /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.sɔ̃/ |
approfondissez /a.pʁɔ.fɔ̃.di.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “approfondir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.