bí
Gokana edit
Noun edit
bí
References edit
- R. Blench, Comparative Ogonic
Hokkien edit
For pronunciation and definitions of bí – see 米 (“hulled or husked uncooked rice; husked seed; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 米). |
For pronunciation and definitions of bí – see 美 (“beautiful; pretty; attractive; good-looking; delicious; tasty; flavoursome; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 美). |
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
The present indicative independent affirmative analytic form is from Old Irish at·tá, from Proto-Celtic *ad-tāyeti (compare Welsh taw (“there is”)), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“stand”).
Verb edit
bí (present analytic tá, future analytic beidh, verbal noun bheith)
Usage notes edit
- Only used with adjective or prepositional phrases as the predicate, never with noun phrases, for which the copular particle is is used instead.
Conjugation edit
Although the present dependent is generally used instead, the present independent affirmative is immune to lenition in most dialects and never would be subject to eclipsis.
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present independent affirmative |
táim; tá mé |
tá tú; táir†; taoi†; tánn tú† |
tá sé, sí; tánn sé, sí† |
táimid; tá muid |
tá sibh; táthaoi; tánn sibh† |
tá siad; táid; tádar; tánn siad† |
atá; atáim (1st sg.); atáir, ataoi (2nd sg.); atáimid (1st pl.); atáthaoi (2nd pl.); atáid (3rd pl.); atáthar (autonomous) |
táthar |
present dependent | fuilim; fuil mé |
fuil tú; fuilir† |
fuil sé, sí | fuilimid; fuil muid |
fuil sibh | fuil siad; fuilid |
a bhfuil*; go bhfuil*† | fuiltear | |
present negative‡ | nílim; níl mé |
níl tú; nílir† |
níl sé, sí | nílimid; níl muid |
níl sibh | níl siad; nílid |
nach bhfuil; ná fuil† | níltear | |
present habitual | bím | bíonn tú; bír† |
bíonn sé, sí; bí sé, sí |
bímid; bíonn muid |
bíonn sibh | bíonn siad; bíd† |
a bhíonn; a bhíonns†; a bhíos† / a mbíonn*; go mbíonn*† |
bítear | |
past habitual | bhínn / mbínn‡‡ | bhíteá / mbíteᇇ | bhíodh sé, sí / mbíodh sé, s퇇 | bhímis; bhíodh muid / mbímis‡‡; mbíodh muid‡‡ |
bhíodh sibh / mbíodh sibh‡‡ | bhídís; bhíodh siad / mbídís‡‡; mbíodh siad‡‡ |
a bhíodh / a mbíodh*; go mbíodh*† |
bhítí / mbít퇇 | |
past independent | bhí mé; bhíos |
bhí tú; bhís |
bhí sé, sí | bhíomar; bhí muid |
bhí sibh; bhíobhair |
bhí siad; bhíodar |
a bhí | bhíothas | |
past dependent | raibh mé; rabhas |
raibh tú; rabhais |
raibh sé, sí | rabhamar; raibh muid |
raibh sibh; rabhabhair |
raibh siad; rabhadar |
a raibh*; go raibh*† | rabhthas | |
future | beidh mé; bead |
beidh tú; beir† |
beidh sé, sí | beimid; beidh muid |
beidh sibh | beidh siad; beid† |
a bheidh; a bheas† / a mbeidh*; go mbeidh*† |
beifear | |
conditional | bheinn / mbeinn‡‡ | bheifeá / mbeifeᇇ | bheadh sé, sí / mbeadh sé, s퇇 | bheimis; bheadh muid / mbeimis‡‡; mbeadh muid‡‡ |
bheadh sibh / mbeadh sibh‡‡ | bheidís; bheadh siad / mbeidís‡‡; mbeadh siad‡‡ |
a bheadh / a mbeadh*; go mbeadh*† |
bheifí / mbeif퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go raibh mé; go rabhad† |
go raibh tú; go rabhair† |
go raibh sé, sí | go rabhaimid; go raibh muid |
go raibh sibh | go raibh siad; go rabhaid† |
— | go rabhthar |
past | dá mbeinn | dá mbeifeá | dá mbeadh sé, sí | dá mbeimis; beadh muid |
dá mbeadh sibh | dá mbeidís; beadh siad |
— | dá mbeifí | |
imperative | bím | bí | bíodh sé, sí | bímis | bígí; bídh† |
bídís | — | bítear | |
verbal noun | bheith |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ quasi-independent; formed from a contraction of ní and the appropriate form of fhuil
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Derived terms edit
- bí ann (“exist”, verb, literally “be there”)
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
bí f (genitive singular bí)
Declension edit
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Etymology 3 edit
Inflected forms.
Adjective edit
bí
Noun edit
bí m sg
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
bí | bhí | mbí |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “bí”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “attá”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “bí” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “bí” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Mandarin edit
Alternative forms edit
- bi — nonstandard
Romanization edit
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 荸
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 襣
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 魮/𱇒
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鼻
edit
Pronoun edit
bí
- third person singular and dual pronoun: he, she, it; they two
- third person singular and dual possessive pronoun: his, hers, its; theirs (for two people)
- 1995, Irvy W. Goossen, Diné Bizaad: Speak, Read, Write Navajo, Salina Bookshelf, →ISBN, page 73:
- Łį́į́łgaii éí shicheii bí.
- The white horse is my grandfather's.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Old Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inflected forms of at·tá, derived from Proto-Celtic *buyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-.
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
·bí
- second/third-person singular habitual present indicative conjunct of at·tá
bí
Descendants edit
The following forms are descended from the imperative:
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
bí
- third-person singular preterite absolute of benaid
·bí
- third-person singular preterite conjunct of benaid
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective edit
bí
- inflection of béo:
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
bí | bí pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
mbí |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Vietic *k-biːrʔ ~ *k-piːrʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cpiir. Cognate with Muong pỉl, proto-Monic *cmpiir (modern Mon သ္ပဳ (həpɔe, “pumpkin”)), Riang sᵊpir¹, Khmu [Cuang] hmpiːr ("melon").
This word was originally referred to some kind of native gourd (pumpkins are from the Americas), most likely the wax gourd, now also commonly called bí đao; or maybe it was (and is still) just the word for cucurbits in general.
Alternative forms edit
- (North Central Vietnam) bín
Noun edit
(classifier cây, trái, quả) bí • (秘, 泌, 費, 𦷬)
- pumpkin
- other plants in the Cucurbitaceae family
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 秘.
Adjective edit
bí
- (only in compounds) mysterious, secret, unknown
Derived terms edit
Verb edit
bí