balsam
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)); compare Old English balsam, balsamum (“balsam, balm”), Doublet of balm. Not related to balsa.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
balsam (countable and uncountable, plural balsams)
- (chiefly UK) A sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants.
- (chiefly UK) A plant or tree yielding such substance.
- (chiefly UK) A soothing ointment.
- (chiefly UK, figuratively) Something soothing.
- Classical music is a sweet balsam for our sorrows
- A flowering plant of the genus Impatiens.
- The balsam family of flowering plants (Balsaminaceae), which includes Impatiens and Hydrocera.
- A balsam fir Abies balsamea.
- Canada balsam, a turpentine obtained from the resin of balsam fir.
Synonyms edit
- (sweet-smelling oil): balm
- (plant or tree): balm
- (soothing ointment): balm
- (something soothing): balm
- (flowering plant of the genus Impatiens): jewelweed, impatiens, touch-me-not
Derived terms edit
- Abraham's balsam
- balsamaceous
- balsam apple
- balsam Canada
- balsamed
- balsam fir
- balsamic
- balsamiferous
- Balsamina
- balsamint, balsam-mint
- Balsam Lake
- Balsam Lake
- balsam of Acouchi
- balsam of aniseed
- balsam of Copaiba
- balsam of fir
- balsam of Gilead
- balsam of Mecca
- balsam of Peru
- balsam of saturn
- balsam of steel
- balsam of sulfur, balsam of sulphur
- balsam of Tolu
- balsam oil
- balsam pear
- balsam poplar
- balsamroot
- balsam-tansy
- balsam tree
- balsam willow
- balsamy
- Canada balsam
- friar's balsam
- garden balsam
- Himalayan balsam
- Mecca balsam
- Peruvian balsam
- Tolu balsam
- true balsam
- Turlington's balsam
- Umiri balsam
- Wade's balsam
- wild balsam apple
- yellow balsam
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also edit
Verb edit
balsam (third-person singular simple present balsams, present participle balsaming, simple past and past participle balsamed)
- (transitive) To treat or anoint with balsam.
Anagrams edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Malay balsam, from English balsam, from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
balsam (first-person possessive balsamku, second-person possessive balsammu, third-person possessive balsamnya)
- balsam: a sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants.
Alternative forms edit
- balsêm (superseded spelling)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “balsam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish balsam(m), balsaim(e), from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon).
Noun edit
balsam m (genitive singular balsaim)
Declension edit
Bare forms:
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Forms with the definite article:
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Derived terms edit
- balsam buí m (“yellow balsam”)
- balsam gairdín m (“garden balsam”)
- balsam na manach m (“friar's balsam”)
- balsamach (“balmy”, adjective)
- balsamaigh (“embalm”, verb)
- balsamóir m (“embalmer”)
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
balsam | bhalsam | mbalsam |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “balsam”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “balsam(m), balsaim(e)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Polish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Latin balsamum,[1][2] from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon).[3] First attested in the 15th century.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
balsam m animacy unattested
- balm (any of various aromatic resins exuded from certain plants, especially trees of the genus Commiphora of Africa, Arabia and India and Myroxylon of South America)
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[1], page 25:
- Tamo roskoszna wonia cinamona i balsama (cum nardo balsamus) i wszego roskosznego kwiecia
- [Tamo rozkoszna wonia cynamona i balsama (cum nardo balsamus) i wszego rozkosznego kwiecia]
- wild mint, Mentha arvensis
- 1900 [1478], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2[2], number 2246:
- Balsam menta crispa
- [Balsam menta crispa]
- basil thyme, Clinopodium acinos
- 1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2[3], number 731:
- Balsan menta
- [Balsan menta]
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1874-1891 [End of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume LIII, page 65:
- Balsam balsamnis
- [Balsam balsamnis]
Related terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Polish: balsam
References edit
- ^ Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021), “balsam”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “balsam”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “balsam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish balsam, from Latin balsamum,[1][2] from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon).[3]
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈbal.sam/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈbal.sɒm/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -alsam
- Syllabification: bal‧sam
Noun edit
balsam m inan
- balsam, balm (sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants)
- Hypernym: żywica
- (cosmetics, medicine, pharmacology) lotion, balm (a low-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to skin)
- (historical, Egyptology) embalming substance
- (figuratively) balsam, balm (something soothing)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021), “balsam”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “balsam”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
Further reading edit
- balsam in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- balsam in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “balsam, Balsamus”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2023
- Dorota Adamiec (10.07.2018), “BALZAM, BAŁZAM, *BAŁSAM BALSAM, BALZAM, BAŁZAM, *BAŁSAM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 88
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin balsamum. Appears since 17th century. Probably entered Romanian through multiple routes, with the most common form from Italian balsamo, or through use in old medicinal practice. A now archaic variant form valsam derived from Greek βάλσαμο (válsamo). Cf. also German Balsam.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
balsam n (plural balsamuri)
Derived terms edit
References edit
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Swedish balsam, from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon), likely from a Semitic source. Compare Hebrew בֹּשֶׂם (bōśem, “perfume”) and Arabic بَشَام (bašām).
Noun edit
balsam n or c
- balsam (sweet-smelling oil)
- hair conditioner
- Synonym: hårbalsam
- (figurative) balm, balsam (something soothing)
- balsam för själen ― comfort
Declension edit
Declension of balsam | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | balsam | balsamet | balsam | balsamen |
Genitive | balsams | balsamets | balsams | balsamens |
Declension of balsam | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | balsam | balsamen | balsamer | balsamerna |
Genitive | balsams | balsamens | balsamers | balsamernas |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- balsam in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
- balsam in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)