bravo
Translingual edit
Noun edit
bravo
- Alternative letter-case form of Bravo of the ICAO/NATO radiotelephony alphabet.
English edit
Etymology edit
From Italian bravo. Doublet of brave.
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈbɹɑvoʊ/, /bɹɑˈvoʊ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbɹɑːvəʊ/, /bɹɑːˈvəʊ/
- Rhymes: -ɑːvəʊ, Rhymes: -əʊ
Audio (CA) (file)
Noun edit
bravo (plural bravos or bravoes or bravi)
- (plural "bravi") A hired soldier; an assassin; a desperado.
- 1753, Theophilus Cibber, The Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland (1753)[1]:
- As for Rochester, he had not genius enough to enter the lists with Dryden, so he fell upon another method of revenge; and meanly hired bravoes to assault him.
- 1911, H. Rider Haggard, Red Eve[2]:
- "Why should I fight the King of England's bravoes?" inquired Acour in a languid voice of those who stood about him, a question at which they laughed.
- 1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Penguin, published 2010, page 104:
- Because the headache will always be there, a weapon that never wears out and is as deadly as the bravo’s rapier or Lucrezia's poison vial.
- A shout of "bravo!"
- 1907, Kate Dickinson Sweetser, Boys and girls from Thackeray[3]:
- There was a roar of bravoes rang through the house; Pen bellowing with the loudest.
- (international standards, plural "bravos") Alternative letter-case form of Bravo from the NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet.
Synonyms edit
- (hired soldier): see Thesaurus:mercenary
Interjection edit
bravo!
- Used to express acclaim, especially to a performer.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:well done
- Bravo, you have done a brilliant job!
Usage notes edit
Sometimes the (non-anglicized) Italian female form brava is used for a woman, and the Italian plural forms brave f pl and bravi pl (masculine or mixed).
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb edit
bravo (third-person singular simple present bravos or bravoes, present participle bravoing, simple past and past participle bravoed)
- To cheer or applaud, especially by saying bravo!
- 1910, May Agnes Fleming, The Baronet's Bride[4]:
- "And my Sunbeam was bravoed, and encored, and crowned with flowers, was she not?"
- 1899, Richard Le Gallienne, Young Lives[5]:
- Together they had bravoed the great tragedians, and together hopelessly worshipped the beautiful faces, enskied and sainted, of famous actresses.
Asturian edit
Adjective edit
bravo
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈbrɑʋo(ː)/, [ˈbrɑ̝ʋo̞(ː)]
- IPA(key): /brɑˈʋo(ː)/, [brɑ̝ˈʋo̞(ː)]
- IPA(key): /ˈbrɑːʋo/, [ˈbrɑ̝ːʋo̞]
- Rhymes: -ɑʋo
- Syllabification(key): bra‧vo
Interjection edit
bravo
Further reading edit
- “bravo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][6] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-12-12
French edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Italian bravo. Doublet of brave.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
bravo
- bravo!, hear, hear!, well said!, well done!
Noun edit
bravo m (plural bravos)
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “bravo”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese bravo, from Latin barbarus,[1] which was frequently found in Galician medieval Latin documentation with the meaning of "uncultivated, fallow".[2] Alternatively from Vulgar Latin *bravus or *brabus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus.
Adjective edit
bravo (feminine brava, masculine plural bravos, feminine plural bravas)
- uncultivated, harsh, rough (when referring to a land)
- 1334, M. Lucas Alvarez & P. P. Lucas Domínguez (eds. ), San Pedro de Ramirás. Un monasterio femenino en la Edad Media. Santiago: Caixa Galicia, page 487:
- et nos dedes delle en cada ano terça do pan e do viño, e de lino e de liguma do feytuo, e do monte bravo que aromperdes
- and you'll give us each year a third of the grain and of the wine, of the flax, and of the pulses, and of the uncultivated lands that you could plough up
- 1334, M. Lucas Alvarez & P. P. Lucas Domínguez (eds. ), San Pedro de Ramirás. Un monasterio femenino en la Edad Media. Santiago: Caixa Galicia, page 487:
- wild, spontaneous (when referring to a plant)
- Synonym: ventureiro
- wild, untamed (when referring to an animal)
- Synonym: salvaxe
- harsh, fierce
- 1364, Clara Rodríguez Núñez (ed.), "Santa María de Belvís, un convento mendicante femenino en la Baja Edad Media (1305-1400)", Estudios Mindonienses, 5, page 441:
- son ende quatro boys, dous bravos et dous massos
- there are four oxen: two are fierce and two are meek
- Synonym: fero
- 1364, Clara Rodríguez Núñez (ed.), "Santa María de Belvís, un convento mendicante femenino en la Baja Edad Media (1305-1400)", Estudios Mindonienses, 5, page 441:
- strong (when referring to a beverage) or hot spicy
- Synonym: forte
- bold, valiant
Derived terms edit
- besta brava (“wild horse”)
- Bravos
- porco bravo (“wild pig”)
- faneca brava (“lesser weever”)
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Interjection edit
bravo!
References edit
- “bravo” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “bravo” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “bravo” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “bravo” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “bravo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
- ^ barbaras in Gallaeciae Monumenta Historica.
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
bravo
Further reading edit
- “bravo” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Italian edit
Etymology edit
Uncertain. Probably from Vulgar Latin *bravus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus.[1] Less likely from Provençal brau (“show-off”), from Gaulish *bragos (compare Middle Irish breagha (modern breá) 'fine', Breton braga 'to strut').[2] Or perhaps borrowed from a descendant of Proto-Germanic *hrawaz (“raw, uncooked”). Or possibly from a root *bravus, from bravium. Borrowed into French and English as brave.
Pierre Carpentier, in an 18th-century edition of du Cange's 17th-century dictionary of medieval and modern Latin, argued Latin branus originated in a misreading of Italian and Spanish bravo.[3] However, George Nicholson argues the opposite in a 1950 Festschrift article, namely bravo being a misreading of Latin branus, which would have the origin du Cange had originally argued for, from Old French brahaigne (“barren”) (see barren).[2] Compare English gravy, possibly a misreading of French grané (“stew”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
bravo (feminine brava, masculine plural bravi, feminine plural brave, superlative bravissimo)
- (prepositional) good, well-behaved
- good, skilful, capable, clever, fine
- good, obedient
- (obsolete) brave, bold
- (obsolete) wild, untamed (of animals)
- (obsolete) harsh (of places)
Related terms edit
Noun edit
bravo m (plural bravi)
Interjection edit
bravo m (feminine brava, masculine plural bravi, feminine plural brave)
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “bravo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://blog.oup.com/2013/11/brave-etymology-word-origin/
- ^ http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/BRANA
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese bravo, possibly from Vulgar Latin *bravus or *brabus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus.
Alternative forms edit
- brabo (regionalism)
Adjective edit
bravo (feminine brava, masculine plural bravos, feminine plural bravas, comparable, comparative mais bravo, superlative o mais bravo or bravíssimo, diminutive bravinho, augmentative bravão)
- angry; furious, annoyed
- Synonyms: furioso, irado, raivoso, enraivecido
- Fico bravo quando você entra sem bater.
- I get angry when you enter without knocking first.
- brave; valiant, courageous
- coarse; uneducated, uncivilized
- prone to irritation, easily angered, bad-tempered, choleric
- Synonyms: genioso, irritadiço
- rigorous, authoritarian
- (of a person, or situation) difficult, unmanageable
- (of an animal) undomesticated
- (of a plant, or vegetable) spontaneous, weed
- Synonym: espontâneo
- (of the land) uncultivated
- (of the sea) stormy
- Synonym: tempestuoso
- (Brazil, slang) a term akin to English dope, hard; meaning cool or good, usually with aggressive connotation
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
bravo m (plural bravos)
- (Brazil) a certain part of an oxcart
- (North Brazil) a neophyte to rubber tapping, a novice seringueiro
Etymology 2 edit
Interjection edit
bravo!
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French bravo or Italian bravo.
Interjection edit
bravo
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Spanish bravo, possibly from Vulgar Latin *bravus or *brabus, from a fusion of Latin prāvus and barbarus (or from metathesis of an intermediate form *babru-).[1]
Adjective edit
bravo (feminine brava, masculine plural bravos, feminine plural bravas, superlative bravísimo)
- angry, furious
- bold, courageous
- Synonym: valiente
- skilful, capable, clever, fine
- good, excellent
- agitated (sea)
- wild (animal)
- Synonym: salvaje
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Interjection edit
¡bravo!
Further reading edit
- “bravo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
References edit
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
Internationalism, from Italian bravo.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
bravo
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish براوو, from Italian bravo.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
bravo!