butterfly effect
English edit
Etymology edit
Coined by American author and historian of science James Gleick in 1987 in his book Chaos: Making a New Science, whose first chapter bears the title “The Butterfly Effect”, and in which he discusses “the paradox of the butterfly’s wings” potentially making the difference whether a hurricane will or will not arise somewhere else later. Meteorologist Edward Lorenz, the founder of modern chaos theory, had in 1972, at a scientific meeting, presented a paper entitled “Does the flap of a butterfly’s wings set off a tornado in Texas?” without using the specific term butterfly effect. Lorenz also notes that representations of the strange attractor now known as the “Lorenz attractor” resemble a butterfly, as well as that correspondents have drawn his attention to Ray Bradbury’s short science fiction story “A Sound of Thunder”, in which a time traveler’s crushing a butterfly in the Late Cretaceous changes the outcome of a present-day presidential election. But the metaphorical butterfly was actually introduced in the title of the 1972 presentation by meteorologist Philip Merilees, who was not familiar with Bradbury’s story.[1]
Noun edit
butterfly effect (plural butterfly effects)
- The technical notion of sensitive dependence on initial conditions in chaos theory.
- (by extension, science fiction) The notion that small changes in the past via time travel can cause disproportionately large and unforeseeable consequences in the present.
- Example of butterfly effect: stepping on a bug 4,000 years ago causes a different person to win the presidential election today.
Translations edit
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See also edit
References edit
- ^ Edward N. Lorenz (1993) “Glimpses of Chaos”, in The Essence Of Chaos, University of Washington Press, →ISBN, page 15