côtoyer
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French costoier. See côte and -oyer.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
côtoyer
- (nautical, rare, intransitive) to coast
- Synonym: caboter
- (literally) to pass alongside
- (figurative) to rub shoulders
- Synonym: fréquenter
- 2016, Mathilde Ramadier, Alberto Madrigal, Berlin 2.0, Futuropolis, →ISBN, page 47:
- Et toi t’as pris de bien mauvaises habitudes en me côtoyant!
- And you've picked up some very bad habits by spending time with me!
Conjugation edit
This verb is part of a large group of -er verbs that conjugate like noyer or ennuyer. These verbs always replace the 'y' with an 'i' before a silent 'e'.
Conjugation of côtoyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | côtoyer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | côtoyant /ko.twa.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | côtoyé /ko.twa.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | côtoie /ko.twa/ |
côtoies /ko.twa/ |
côtoie /ko.twa/ |
côtoyons /ko.twa.jɔ̃/ |
côtoyez /ko.twa.je/ |
côtoient /ko.twa/ |
| imperfect | côtoyais /ko.twa.jɛ/ |
côtoyais /ko.twa.jɛ/ |
côtoyait /ko.twa.jɛ/ |
côtoyions /ko.twaj.jɔ̃/ |
côtoyiez /ko.twaj.je/ |
côtoyaient /ko.twa.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | côtoyai /ko.twa.je/ |
côtoyas /ko.twa.ja/ |
côtoya /ko.twa.ja/ |
côtoyâmes /ko.twa.jam/ |
côtoyâtes /ko.twa.jat/ |
côtoyèrent /ko.twa.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | côtoierai /ko.twa.ʁe/ |
côtoieras /ko.twa.ʁa/ |
côtoiera /ko.twa.ʁa/ |
côtoierons /ko.twa.ʁɔ̃/ |
côtoierez /ko.twa.ʁe/ |
côtoieront /ko.twa.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | côtoierais /ko.twa.ʁɛ/ |
côtoierais /ko.twa.ʁɛ/ |
côtoierait /ko.twa.ʁɛ/ |
côtoierions /ko.twa.ʁjɔ̃/ |
côtoieriez /ko.twa.ʁje/ |
côtoieraient /ko.twa.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | côtoie /ko.twa/ |
côtoies /ko.twa/ |
côtoie /ko.twa/ |
côtoyions /ko.twaj.jɔ̃/ |
côtoyiez /ko.twaj.je/ |
côtoient /ko.twa/ |
| imperfect2 | côtoyasse /ko.twa.jas/ |
côtoyasses /ko.twa.jas/ |
côtoyât /ko.twa.ja/ |
côtoyassions /ko.twa.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
côtoyassiez /ko.twa.ja.sje/ |
côtoyassent /ko.twa.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | côtoie /ko.twa/ |
— | côtoyons /ko.twa.jɔ̃/ |
côtoyez /ko.twa.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading edit
- “côtoyer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.