Tsonga edit

Verb edit

cambalala

  1. to scatter (of a flock)

Xhosa edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-dàmbadada (sprawl), a double extensive derivation of Proto-Bantu *-dàmba (sprawl).

Verb edit

-cámbálala

  1. (intransitive) to lie on the stomach

Inflection edit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-dàmbadada (sprawl), a double extensive derivation of Proto-Bantu *-dàmba (sprawl).

Verb edit

-cambalála

  1. (intransitive) to lie down, to recline

Inflection edit

Tone H
Infinitive ukucambalala
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukucambalala ukungacambalali
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular cambalala -cambalale
Plural cambalalani -cambalaleni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyacambalala, ngicambalala engicambalalayo, engicambalala ngicambalala angicambalali engingacambalali ngingacambalali
2nd singular uyacambalala, ucambalala ocambalalayo, ocambalala ucambalala awucambalali ongacambalali ungacambalali
1st plural siyacambalala, sicambalala esicambalalayo, esicambalala sicambalala asicambalali esingacambalali singacambalali
2nd plural niyacambalala, nicambalala enicambalalayo, enicambalala nicambalala anicambalali eningacambalali ningacambalali
Class 1 uyacambalala, ucambalala ocambalalayo, ocambalala ecambalala akacambalali ongacambalali engacambalali
Class 2 bayacambalala, bacambalala abacambalalayo, abacambalala becambalala abacambalali abangacambalali bengacambalali
Class 3 uyacambalala, ucambalala ocambalalayo, ocambalala ucambalala awucambalali ongacambalali ungacambalali
Class 4 iyacambalala, icambalala ecambalalayo, ecambalala icambalala ayicambalali engacambalali ingacambalali
Class 5 liyacambalala, licambalala elicambalalayo, elicambalala licambalala alicambalali elingacambalali lingacambalali
Class 6 ayacambalala, acambalala acambalalayo, acambalala ecambalala awacambalali angacambalali engacambalali
Class 7 siyacambalala, sicambalala esicambalalayo, esicambalala sicambalala asicambalali esingacambalali singacambalali
Class 8 ziyacambalala, zicambalala ezicambalalayo, ezicambalala zicambalala azicambalali ezingacambalali zingacambalali
Class 9 iyacambalala, icambalala ecambalalayo, ecambalala icambalala ayicambalali engacambalali ingacambalali
Class 10 ziyacambalala, zicambalala ezicambalalayo, ezicambalala zicambalala azicambalali ezingacambalali zingacambalali
Class 11 luyacambalala, lucambalala olucambalalayo, olucambalala lucambalala alucambalali olungacambalali lungacambalali
Class 14 buyacambalala, bucambalala obucambalalayo, obucambalala bucambalala abucambalali obungacambalali bungacambalali
Class 15 kuyacambalala, kucambalala okucambalalayo, okucambalala kucambalala akucambalali okungacambalali kungacambalali
Class 17 kuyacambalala, kucambalala okucambalalayo, okucambalala kucambalala akucambalali okungacambalali kungacambalali
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngicambalalile, ngicambalalē engicambalalile, engicambalalē ngicambalalile, ngicambalalē angicambalalanga engingacambalalanga ngingacambalalanga
2nd singular ucambalalile, ucambalalē ocambalalile, ocambalalē ucambalalile, ucambalalē awucambalalanga ongacambalalanga ungacambalalanga
1st plural sicambalalile, sicambalalē esicambalalile, esicambalalē sicambalalile, sicambalalē asicambalalanga esingacambalalanga singacambalalanga
2nd plural nicambalalile, nicambalalē enicambalalile, enicambalalē nicambalalile, nicambalalē anicambalalanga eningacambalalanga ningacambalalanga
Class 1 ucambalalile, ucambalalē ocambalalile, ocambalalē ecambalalile, ecambalalē akacambalalanga ongacambalalanga engacambalalanga
Class 2 bacambalalile, bacambalalē abacambalalile, abacambalalē becambalalile, becambalalē abacambalalanga abangacambalalanga bengacambalalanga
Class 3 ucambalalile, ucambalalē ocambalalile, ocambalalē ucambalalile, ucambalalē awucambalalanga ongacambalalanga ungacambalalanga
Class 4 icambalalile, icambalalē ecambalalile, ecambalalē icambalalile, icambalalē ayicambalalanga engacambalalanga ingacambalalanga
Class 5 licambalalile, licambalalē elicambalalile, elicambalalē licambalalile, licambalalē alicambalalanga elingacambalalanga lingacambalalanga
Class 6 acambalalile, acambalalē acambalalile, acambalalē ecambalalile, ecambalalē awacambalalanga angacambalalanga engacambalalanga
Class 7 sicambalalile, sicambalalē esicambalalile, esicambalalē sicambalalile, sicambalalē asicambalalanga esingacambalalanga singacambalalanga
Class 8 zicambalalile, zicambalalē ezicambalalile, ezicambalalē zicambalalile, zicambalalē azicambalalanga ezingacambalalanga zingacambalalanga
Class 9 icambalalile, icambalalē ecambalalile, ecambalalē icambalalile, icambalalē ayicambalalanga engacambalalanga ingacambalalanga
Class 10 zicambalalile, zicambalalē ezicambalalile, ezicambalalē zicambalalile, zicambalalē azicambalalanga ezingacambalalanga zingacambalalanga
Class 11 lucambalalile, lucambalalē olucambalalile, olucambalalē lucambalalile, lucambalalē alucambalalanga olungacambalalanga lungacambalalanga
Class 14 bucambalalile, bucambalalē obucambalalile, obucambalalē bucambalalile, bucambalalē abucambalalanga obungacambalalanga bungacambalalanga
Class 15 kucambalalile, kucambalalē okucambalalile, okucambalalē kucambalalile, kucambalalē akucambalalanga okungacambalalanga kungacambalalanga
Class 17 kucambalalile, kucambalalē okucambalalile, okucambalalē kucambalalile, kucambalalē akucambalalanga okungacambalalanga kungacambalalanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngācambalala engācambalala ngācambalala angicambalalanga engingacambalalanga ngingacambalalanga
2nd singular wācambalala owācambalala wācambalala awucambalalanga ongacambalalanga ungacambalalanga
1st plural sācambalala esācambalala sācambalala asicambalalanga esingacambalalanga singacambalalanga
2nd plural nācambalala enācambalala nācambalala anicambalalanga eningacambalalanga ningacambalalanga
Class 1 wācambalala owācambalala ācambalala akacambalalanga ongacambalalanga engacambalalanga
Class 2 bācambalala abācambalala bācambalala abacambalalanga abangacambalalanga bengacambalalanga
Class 3 wācambalala owācambalala wācambalala awucambalalanga ongacambalalanga ungacambalalanga
Class 4 yācambalala eyācambalala yācambalala ayicambalalanga engacambalalanga ingacambalalanga
Class 5 lācambalala elācambalala lācambalala alicambalalanga elingacambalalanga lingacambalalanga
Class 6 ācambalala ācambalala ācambalala awacambalalanga angacambalalanga engacambalalanga
Class 7 sācambalala esācambalala sācambalala asicambalalanga esingacambalalanga singacambalalanga
Class 8 zācambalala ezācambalala zācambalala azicambalalanga ezingacambalalanga zingacambalalanga
Class 9 yācambalala eyācambalala yācambalala ayicambalalanga engacambalalanga ingacambalalanga
Class 10 zācambalala ezācambalala zācambalala azicambalalanga ezingacambalalanga zingacambalalanga
Class 11 lwācambalala olwācambalala lwācambalala alucambalalanga olungacambalalanga lungacambalalanga
Class 14 bācambalala obācambalala bācambalala abucambalalanga obungacambalalanga bungacambalalanga
Class 15 kwācambalala okwācambalala kwācambalala akucambalalanga okungacambalalanga kungacambalalanga
Class 17 kwācambalala okwācambalala kwācambalala akucambalalanga okungacambalalanga kungacambalalanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingacambalala ngingacambalala ngingecambalale ngingecambalale
2nd singular ungacambalala ungacambalala ungecambalale ungecambalale
1st plural singacambalala singacambalala singecambalale singecambalale
2nd plural ningacambalala ningacambalala ningecambalale ningecambalale
Class 1 angacambalala engacambalala angecambalale engecambalale
Class 2 bangacambalala bengacambalala bangecambalale bengecambalale
Class 3 ungacambalala ungacambalala ungecambalale ungecambalale
Class 4 ingacambalala ingacambalala ingecambalale ingecambalale
Class 5 lingacambalala lingacambalala lingecambalale lingecambalale
Class 6 angacambalala engacambalala angecambalale engecambalale
Class 7 singacambalala singacambalala singecambalale singecambalale
Class 8 zingacambalala zingacambalala zingecambalale zingecambalale
Class 9 ingacambalala ingacambalala ingecambalale ingecambalale
Class 10 zingacambalala zingacambalala zingecambalale zingecambalale
Class 11 lungacambalala lungacambalala lungecambalale lungecambalale
Class 14 bungacambalala bungacambalala bungecambalale bungecambalale
Class 15 kungacambalala kungacambalala kungecambalale kungecambalale
Class 17 kungacambalala kungacambalala kungecambalale kungecambalale
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizocambalala engizocambalala ngizocambalala angizucambalala engingezucambalala ngingezucambalala
2nd singular uzocambalala ozocambalala uzocambalala awuzucambalala ongezucambalala ungezucambalala
1st plural sizocambalala esizocambalala sizocambalala asizucambalala esingezucambalala singezucambalala
2nd plural nizocambalala enizocambalala nizocambalala anizucambalala eningezucambalala ningezucambalala
Class 1 uzocambalala ozocambalala ezocambalala akazucambalala ongezucambalala engezucambalala
Class 2 bazocambalala abazocambalala bezocambalala abazucambalala abangezucambalala bengezucambalala
Class 3 uzocambalala ozocambalala uzocambalala awuzucambalala ongezucambalala ungezucambalala
Class 4 izocambalala ezocambalala izocambalala ayizucambalala engezucambalala ingezucambalala
Class 5 lizocambalala elizocambalala lizocambalala alizucambalala elingezucambalala lingezucambalala
Class 6 azocambalala azocambalala ezocambalala awazucambalala angezucambalala engezucambalala
Class 7 sizocambalala esizocambalala sizocambalala asizucambalala esingezucambalala singezucambalala
Class 8 zizocambalala ezizocambalala zizocambalala azizucambalala ezingezucambalala zingezucambalala
Class 9 izocambalala ezocambalala izocambalala ayizucambalala engezucambalala ingezucambalala
Class 10 zizocambalala ezizocambalala zizocambalala azizucambalala ezingezucambalala zingezucambalala
Class 11 luzocambalala oluzocambalala luzocambalala aluzucambalala olungezucambalala lungezucambalala
Class 14 buzocambalala obuzocambalala buzocambalala abuzucambalala obungezucambalala bungezucambalala
Class 15 kuzocambalala okuzocambalala kuzocambalala akuzucambalala okungezucambalala kungezucambalala
Class 17 kuzocambalala okuzocambalala kuzocambalala akuzucambalala okungezucambalala kungezucambalala
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyocambalala engiyocambalala ngiyocambalala angiyucambalala engingeyucambalala ngingeyucambalala
2nd singular uyocambalala oyocambalala uyocambalala awuyucambalala ongeyucambalala ungeyucambalala
1st plural siyocambalala esiyocambalala siyocambalala asiyucambalala esingeyucambalala singeyucambalala
2nd plural niyocambalala eniyocambalala niyocambalala aniyucambalala eningeyucambalala ningeyucambalala
Class 1 uyocambalala oyocambalala eyocambalala akayucambalala ongeyucambalala engeyucambalala
Class 2 bayocambalala abayocambalala beyocambalala abayucambalala abangeyucambalala bengeyucambalala
Class 3 uyocambalala oyocambalala uyocambalala awuyucambalala ongeyucambalala ungeyucambalala
Class 4 iyocambalala eyocambalala iyocambalala ayiyucambalala engeyucambalala ingeyucambalala
Class 5 liyocambalala eliyocambalala liyocambalala aliyucambalala elingeyucambalala lingeyucambalala
Class 6 ayocambalala ayocambalala eyocambalala awayucambalala angeyucambalala engeyucambalala
Class 7 siyocambalala esiyocambalala siyocambalala asiyucambalala esingeyucambalala singeyucambalala
Class 8 ziyocambalala eziyocambalala ziyocambalala aziyucambalala ezingeyucambalala zingeyucambalala
Class 9 iyocambalala eyocambalala iyocambalala ayiyucambalala engeyucambalala ingeyucambalala
Class 10 ziyocambalala eziyocambalala ziyocambalala aziyucambalala ezingeyucambalala zingeyucambalala
Class 11 luyocambalala oluyocambalala luyocambalala aluyucambalala olungeyucambalala lungeyucambalala
Class 14 buyocambalala obuyocambalala buyocambalala abuyucambalala obungeyucambalala bungeyucambalala
Class 15 kuyocambalala okuyocambalala kuyocambalala akuyucambalala okungeyucambalala kungeyucambalala
Class 17 kuyocambalala okuyocambalala kuyocambalala akuyucambalala okungeyucambalala kungeyucambalala
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngicambalale ngingacambalali
2nd singular ucambalale ungacambalali
1st plural sicambalale singacambalali
2nd plural nicambalale ningacambalali
Class 1 acambalale angacambalali
Class 2 bacambalale bangacambalali
Class 3 ucambalale ungacambalali
Class 4 icambalale ingacambalali
Class 5 licambalale lingacambalali
Class 6 acambalale angacambalali
Class 7 sicambalale singacambalali
Class 8 zicambalale zingacambalali
Class 9 icambalale ingacambalali
Class 10 zicambalale zingacambalali
Class 11 lucambalale lungacambalali
Class 14 bucambalale bungacambalali
Class 15 kucambalale kungacambalali
Class 17 kucambalale kungacambalali
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngacambalala ngangacambalala, angacambalala, angangacambalala
2nd singular wacambalala wangacambalala, awacambalala, awangacambalala
1st plural sacambalala sangacambalala, asacambalala, asangacambalala
2nd plural nacambalala nangacambalala, anacambalala, anangacambalala
Class 1 wacambalala wangacambalala, akacambalala, akangacambalala
Class 2 bacambalala bangacambalala, abacambalala, abangacambalala
Class 3 wacambalala wangacambalala, awacambalala, awangacambalala
Class 4 yacambalala yangacambalala, ayacambalala, ayangacambalala
Class 5 lacambalala langacambalala, alacambalala, alangacambalala
Class 6 acambalala angacambalala, awacambalala, awangacambalala
Class 7 sacambalala sangacambalala, asacambalala, asangacambalala
Class 8 zacambalala zangacambalala, azacambalala, azangacambalala
Class 9 yacambalala yangacambalala, ayacambalala, ayangacambalala
Class 10 zacambalala zangacambalala, azacambalala, azangacambalala
Class 11 lwacambalala lwangacambalala, alwacambalala, alwangacambalala
Class 14 bacambalala bangacambalala, abacambalala, abangacambalala
Class 15 kwacambalala kwangacambalala, akwacambalala, akwangacambalala
Class 17 kwacambalala kwangacambalala, akwacambalala, akwangacambalala

References edit