castellum
English edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Latin castellum. Doublet of cashel, castell, castle, and château.
Noun edit
castellum (plural castella or castellums)
- (historical) A small Roman detached fort or fortlet used as a watch tower or signal station.
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Latin castellum. Doublet of kasteel, chateau, Kessel, Castilië, ketella, and telo.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
castellum n (plural castella or castellums, diminutive castellumpje n)
Further reading edit
castellum on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia nl
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From castrum (“fort”) + -lum (diminutive suffix).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /kasˈtel.lum/, [käs̠ˈt̪ɛlːʲʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kasˈtel.lum/, [käsˈt̪ɛlːum]
Noun edit
castellum n (genitive castellī); second declension
- castle, fort, citadel, fortress, stronghold
- (figuratively) a shelter, stronghold, defence, refuge
- a structure in which the water of an aqueduct is collected, to be distributed by pipes or channels in different directions; a reservoir
Declension edit
Second-declension noun (neuter).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | castellum | castella |
| Genitive | castellī | castellōrum |
| Dative | castellō | castellīs |
| Accusative | castellum | castella |
| Ablative | castellō | castellīs |
| Vocative | castellum | castella |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Dalmatian: castial
- Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: châtél
- Old French: chastel, castel; chatel
- Angevin: châtiau
- Bourguignon: chaîteâ
- Franc-Comtois: tchaîtiâ
- Lorrain: tchestia
- Middle French: chasteau (see there for further descendants)
- Norman: châté, câté, câtel
- Picard: câtieu, câtiau (Picardie, Nord-Pas-de-Calais)
- Poitevin-Saintongeais: châtea
- Walloon: tchestea
- → Middle Dutch: casteel (see there for further descendants)
- → Middle English: castel (see there for further descendants)
- → Middle Irish: caistél
- Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: castiello
- Old Galician-Portuguese: castelo
- Old Leonese: *castiellu
- Old Spanish: castiello
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: casteddu
- Italo-Romance:
- North Italian:
- Occitano-Romance:
- Romanian: castel
- → Albanian: kështjel, këshqel
- → Aramaic: קַסְטֵל (qasṭēl)
- → Arabic: قَسْطَل (qasṭal)
- → Dutch: castellum (learned)
- → English: castellum (learned)
- → Old Irish: caisel
- → Proto-Brythonic: *kastell (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-West Germanic: *kastell (see there for further descendants)
References edit
- “castellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “castellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- castellum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- castellum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “castellum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “castellum”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly