cha
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
cha
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Chinese 茶 (chá), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la, via two routes: in some cases from Hindustani चा (cā) / چا (cā) (a variant of the same root, from Persian چا, which led to chai), from Northern Chinese; in other cases from 茶 (chá) /t͡sʰɑː²¹/, the pronunciation found in Canton (Guangzhou), where the British bought much of their tea in the 19th century. Doublet of tea, which is from the Amoy Min Nan pronunciation tê.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
cha (uncountable)
- tea, sometimes (dialect) specifically masala chai
- Would you like a cup of cha?
- 1934 August 4, George Herriman, Krazy Kat, Saturday, comic strip, →ISBN, page 206:
- [Krazy Kat, bringing a full tray:] Look, folkses – hot dogs, hot cha, hot peppa pots, hot timollies – hot kuffy. [sic]
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation spelling of you, especially when preceded by a t sound.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
cha
- (dialectal, nonstandard) You.
- 1976, Flying Magazine, page 34:
- You mean you can't fly after you've had a few beers? You can drive, can't cha?
- 2005, Busta Rhymes, CeeLo Green (lyrics and music), “Don't Cha”, performed by Pussycat Dolls:
- Don't cha wish your girlfriend was a freak like me?
- 2008, Barbara L. Jent, The Weddin' Day, Barbara Jent, →ISBN, page 157:
- “You'll be ridin' with us, won't cha, Josh?”
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
From cha-cha (q.v.)
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
cha
- (dance) Used to count out steps, particularly involving the hip-shaking sections of rhythmic Latin dances
- One–two–cha–cha–cha
Three–four–cha–cha–cha
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 자 (ja).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
cha (plural chas or cha)
- (Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Alemannic German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old High German kweman, chuman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną. Cognate with German kommen, Dutch komen, English come, Icelandic koma, Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (qiman).
Verb edit
cha
Conjugation edit
infinitive | cha | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | cha | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person ich, i |
2nd person du |
3rd person er/si/es |
1st person mir |
2nd person ir |
3rd person si | ||
indicative | present | chuume | chunsch | chunt | chemme | chemmet | chemme |
subjunctive | present | chemm, chemmi | chemmesch | chemm, chemmi | chemme | chemmet | chemme |
past | chëm, chëmi, chëmt, chëmti, chiem, chiemi | chëmesch, chëmtesch, chiemesch | chëm, chëmi, chëmt, chëmti, chiem, chiemi | chëme, chëmte, chieme | chëmet, chëmtet, chieme | chëme, chëmte, chieme | |
imperative | affirmative | — | chu | — | — | chemmet | — |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 86.
Atong (India) edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
cha (Bengali script চা)
Synonyms edit
References edit
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary. Stated in Appendix 3.
Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Irish níco(n), noco(n), nocho(n), nocha(n), from Old Irish nícon, nacon, from ní con.
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
cha (Triggers lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p, s. Triggers eclipsis of d, t.)
Usage notes edit
Used only in some varieties of Ulster Irish. Not used with the future tense; a future meaning can be conveyed by using it with the present tense.
Synonyms edit
- ní (used in Munster Irish, Connacht Irish, and some varieties of Ulster Irish)
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 68
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cha”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “nícon”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
cha
Kapampangan edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Chinese 茶 (chá), highly likely via Cantonese caa4 rather than Hokkien tê.
Noun edit
cha
Lower Sorbian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
cha m inan
- The name of the Latin-script letter ch.
See also edit
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
cha
- Nonstandard spelling of chā.
- Nonstandard spelling of chá.
- Nonstandard spelling of chǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of chà.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Manx edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Irish níco(n), noco(n), nocho(n), nocha(n), from Old Irish nícon, nacon, from ní con. Compare Irish ní, cha, Scottish Gaelic cha.
Particle edit
cha
Usage notes edit
- Used with the dependent form of a verb. With the copula, the verb may be suppressed.
- Becomes chan before a vowel.
Etymology 2 edit
Adverb edit
cha
- Alternative form of cho
References edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “nícon”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
cha
Pacoh edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Katuic *caa, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
cha
- to eat
Affixed forms edit
Pali edit
< 5 | 6 | 7 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : cha Ordinal : chaṭṭha | ||
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Apparently from Sanskrit *ष्वष् (ṣvaṣ), variant of षष् (ṣaṣ);[1] see there for further etymology.
Numeral edit
cha
Declension edit
Optionally indeclinable.
References edit
- ^ Alexander Lubotsky (2000) “Indo-Aryan 'six'”, in 125 Jahre Indogermanistik in Graz. Arbeiten aus der Abteilung “Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft"[1], Graz: Leykam, pages 255-261
- ^ Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “cha”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Pipil edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
-cha
- Clipping of -chiwa.
Romansch edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Conjunction edit
cha
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
cha
Alternative forms edit
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Irish nochan, from Old Irish nícon, from ní (“not”) + con (“toward”). Cognates include Irish cha and Manx cha.
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
cha
- Used together with a dependent form of a verb to form the negative: not
- Cha robh bean aig Iain. ― Ian didn't have a wife.
Usage notes edit
- Before a word starting with a vowel or fh, the form chan is used.
- Lenites the following word unless it starts with t or d, although in some dialects those words may be lenited as well.
Verb edit
cha
- Negative forms of the copula: is not
- Cha mhise m’ athair. ― I am not my father.
- Cha bhòrd bòrd gun aran ach ’s bòrd aran leis fhèin. ― A table without bread is no table but bread is a table by itself.
- Cha toigh leam càise. ― I don't like cheese.
Usage notes edit
- Before a word starting with a vowel or fh, the form chan is used.
- Lenites the following word unless it starts with t or d, although in some dialects those words may be lenited as well.
- Does not lenite pronouns except for mi, mise.
Inflection edit
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third m/f | first | second | third | ||
independent | present | is mi | is tu | is e/i | is sinn | is sibh | is iad |
past | bu mhi | bu tu | b' e/i | bu sinn | bu sibh | b' iad | |
conditional | |||||||
negative | present | cha mhi | cha tu | chan e/i | cha sinn | cha sibh | chan iad |
past | cha bu mhi | cha bu tu | cha b' e/i | cha bu sinn | cha bu sibh | cha b' iad | |
conditional | |||||||
affirmative interrogative |
present | am mi? | an tu? | an e/i? | an sinn? | an sibh? | an iad? |
past | am bu mhi? | am bu tu? | am b' e/i? | am bu sinn? | am bu sibh? | am b' iad? | |
conditional | |||||||
Negative interrogative |
present | nach mi? | nach tu? | nach e/i? | nach sinn? | nach sibh? | nach iad? |
past | nach bu mhi? | nach bu tu? | nach b' e/i? | nach bu sinn? | nach bu sibh? | nach b' iad? | |
conditional |
References edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “nícon”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Colin Mark (2003) “cha”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 129
Spanish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Portuguese chá, from Cantonese 茶 (caa4). Compare Tagalog tsa, Cebuano tsa.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
cha m (plural chas)
- (Philippines, historical) tea
- Synonym: té
Further reading edit
- “cha”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Venancio M. de Abella (1874) Vade-Mecum Filipino ó manual de la conversacion familiar Español-Tagalog[2], 12.ᵃ edition (overall work in Spanish and Tagalog), Escolta, Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier, page 115
Swahili edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Etymology 1 edit
Verb edit
-cha (infinitive kucha)
Usage notes edit
In Standard Swahili, the sense "to fear" is used of reverential fear, generally fearing God. However, in the Mombasa dialect, it is used as a synonym of -ogopa.
Conjugation edit
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Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Ajami | گَـ |
Particle edit
cha
Swazi edit
Interjection edit
cha
Tagalog edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃa/, [ˈt͡ʃa]
- Rhymes: -a
Noun edit
cha (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐ)
- Alternative form of tsa
Etymology 2 edit
From fast pronunciation spelling of tihaya.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃaʔ/, [ˈt͡ʃaʔ]
- Rhymes: -aʔ
Adjective edit
châ (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐ) (card games, dated, slang)
Alternative forms edit
See also edit
Vietnamese edit
Etymology edit
Compare Limchowese 吒 (zaa1, “father”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [t͡ɕaː˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [t͡ɕaː˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [caː˧˧]
Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City) (file)
Noun edit
- (dated or literary or Catholicism) a father
- (Southern Vietnam, humorous) a dude
Pronoun edit
cha
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- "cha" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
Welsh edit
Verb edit
cha
- Aspirate mutation of ca.
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
ca | ga | ngha | cha |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Western Apache edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
cha
Woleaian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Micronesian *caa, from Proto-Oceanic *draʀaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.
Noun edit
cha
Verb edit
cha
Ye'kwana edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
cha
- Allomorph of ka (interrogative particle) used after words that end in i.
Zacatepec Chatino edit
Adjective edit
cha
Zulu edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
cha
References edit
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “cha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “cha (2)”