chicaner
English edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
chicaner (plural chicaners)
- One who uses chicanery.
- 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:
- distinguish the two most different things I know in the world , a logical chicaner from a man of reason
References edit
- “chicaner”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams edit
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French chicaner, from Middle Low German schicken, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skikkijaną, the selfsame origin of modern French chic.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
chicaner
- (transitive) to get (someone) into an argument
- (reflexive, reciprocal) to quibble, squabble (to complain or argue in a trivial or petty manner)
- C’est inutile de se chicaner.
- It's pointless to squabble.
- Mais pourquoi est-ce que vous vous chicanez ?
- Just why are you bickering?
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of chicaner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | chicaner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | chicanant /ʃi.ka.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | chicané /ʃi.ka.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | chicane /ʃi.kan/ |
chicanes /ʃi.kan/ |
chicane /ʃi.kan/ |
chicanons /ʃi.ka.nɔ̃/ |
chicanez /ʃi.ka.ne/ |
chicanent /ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect | chicanais /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
chicanais /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
chicanait /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
chicanions /ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ |
chicaniez /ʃi.ka.nje/ |
chicanaient /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | chicanai /ʃi.ka.ne/ |
chicanas /ʃi.ka.na/ |
chicana /ʃi.ka.na/ |
chicanâmes /ʃi.ka.nam/ |
chicanâtes /ʃi.ka.nat/ |
chicanèrent /ʃi.ka.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | chicanerai /ʃi.kan.ʁe/ |
chicaneras /ʃi.kan.ʁa/ |
chicanera /ʃi.kan.ʁa/ |
chicanerons /ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ |
chicanerez /ʃi.kan.ʁe/ |
chicaneront /ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | chicanerais /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
chicanerais /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
chicanerait /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
chicanerions /ʃi.ka.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
chicaneriez /ʃi.ka.nə.ʁje/ |
chicaneraient /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | chicane /ʃi.kan/ |
chicanes /ʃi.kan/ |
chicane /ʃi.kan/ |
chicanions /ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ |
chicaniez /ʃi.ka.nje/ |
chicanent /ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect2 | chicanasse /ʃi.ka.nas/ |
chicanasses /ʃi.ka.nas/ |
chicanât /ʃi.ka.na/ |
chicanassions /ʃi.ka.na.sjɔ̃/ |
chicanassiez /ʃi.ka.na.sje/ |
chicanassent /ʃi.ka.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | chicane /ʃi.kan/ |
— | chicanons /ʃi.ka.nɔ̃/ |
chicanez /ʃi.ka.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation of se chicaner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | se chicaner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | se chicanant /sə ʃi.ka.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | chicané /ʃi.ka.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | me chicane /mə ʃi.kan/ |
te chicanes /tə ʃi.kan/ |
se chicane /sə ʃi.kan/ |
nous chicanons /nu ʃi.ka.nɔ̃/ |
vous chicanez /vu ʃi.ka.ne/ |
se chicanent /sə ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect | me chicanais /mə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
te chicanais /tə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
se chicanait /sə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
nous chicanions /nu ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ |
vous chicaniez /vu ʃi.ka.nje/ |
se chicanaient /sə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | me chicanai /mə ʃi.ka.ne/ |
te chicanas /tə ʃi.ka.na/ |
se chicana /sə ʃi.ka.na/ |
nous chicanâmes /nu ʃi.ka.nam/ |
vous chicanâtes /vu ʃi.ka.nat/ |
se chicanèrent /sə ʃi.ka.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | me chicanerai /mə ʃi.kan.ʁe/ |
te chicaneras /tə ʃi.kan.ʁa/ |
se chicanera /sə ʃi.kan.ʁa/ |
nous chicanerons /nu ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous chicanerez /vu ʃi.kan.ʁe/ |
se chicaneront /sə ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | me chicanerais /mə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
te chicanerais /tə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
se chicanerait /sə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
nous chicanerions /nu ʃi.ka.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous chicaneriez /vu ʃi.ka.nə.ʁje/ |
se chicaneraient /sə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | me chicane /mə ʃi.kan/ |
te chicanes /tə ʃi.kan/ |
se chicane /sə ʃi.kan/ |
nous chicanions /nu ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ |
vous chicaniez /vu ʃi.ka.nje/ |
se chicanent /sə ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect2 | me chicanasse /mə ʃi.ka.nas/ |
te chicanasses /tə ʃi.ka.nas/ |
se chicanât /sə ʃi.ka.na/ |
nous chicanassions /nu ʃi.ka.na.sjɔ̃/ |
vous chicanassiez /vu ʃi.ka.na.sje/ |
se chicanassent /sə ʃi.ka.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | chicane-toi /ʃi.kan.twa/ |
— | chicanons-nous /ʃi.ka.nɔ̃.nu/ |
chicanez-vous /ʃi.ka.ne.vu/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading edit
- “chicaner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.