circumfodio

Latin

Etymology

From circum- (“circum-”) +‎ fodiō (“I dig, bury”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /kir.kumˈfo.di.oː/, [kɪrkũːˈfɔd̪ioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃir.kumˈfo.di.o/, [t͡ʃirkumˈfɔːd̪io]

Verb

circumfodiō (present infinitive circumfodere, perfect active circumfōdī, supine circumfossum); third conjugation iō-variant

1. to dig around or about
   • c. 400 CE, Palladius, Opus agriculturae 4.10.19:

     Amat putari atque circumfodi et parco umore inter siccitates saepe refoveri.

     It likes to be pruned and dug, and to be often refreshed with a little water in dry seasons.

Conjugation

Conjugation of circumfodiō (third conjugation iō-variant)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	circumfodiō	circumfodis	circumfodit	circumfodimus	circumfoditis	circumfodiunt
	imperfect	circumfodiēbam	circumfodiēbās	circumfodiēbat	circumfodiēbāmus	circumfodiēbātis	circumfodiēbant
	future	circumfodiam	circumfodiēs	circumfodiet	circumfodiēmus	circumfodiētis	circumfodient
	perfect	circumfōdī	circumfōdistī	circumfōdit	circumfōdimus	circumfōdistis	circumfōdērunt, circumfōdēre
	pluperfect	circumfōderam	circumfōderās	circumfōderat	circumfōderāmus	circumfōderātis	circumfōderant
	future perfect	circumfōderō	circumfōderis	circumfōderit	circumfōderimus	circumfōderitis	circumfōderint
passive	present	circumfodior	circumfoderis, circumfodere	circumfoditur	circumfodimur	circumfodiminī	circumfodiuntur
	imperfect	circumfodiēbar	circumfodiēbāris, circumfodiēbāre	circumfodiēbātur	circumfodiēbāmur	circumfodiēbāminī	circumfodiēbantur
	future	circumfodiar	circumfodiēris, circumfodiēre	circumfodiētur	circumfodiēmur	circumfodiēminī	circumfodientur
	perfect	circumfossus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	circumfossus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	circumfossus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	circumfodiam	circumfodiās	circumfodiat	circumfodiāmus	circumfodiātis	circumfodiant
	imperfect	circumfoderem	circumfoderēs	circumfoderet	circumfoderēmus	circumfoderētis	circumfoderent
	perfect	circumfōderim	circumfōderīs	circumfōderit	circumfōderīmus	circumfōderītis	circumfōderint
	pluperfect	circumfōdissem	circumfōdissēs	circumfōdisset	circumfōdissēmus	circumfōdissētis	circumfōdissent
passive	present	circumfodiar	circumfodiāris, circumfodiāre	circumfodiātur	circumfodiāmur	circumfodiāminī	circumfodiantur
	imperfect	circumfoderer	circumfoderēris, circumfoderēre	circumfoderētur	circumfoderēmur	circumfoderēminī	circumfoderentur
	perfect	circumfossus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	circumfossus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	circumfode	—	—	circumfodite	—
	future	—	circumfoditō	circumfoditō	—	circumfoditōte	circumfodiuntō
passive	present	—	circumfodere	—	—	circumfodiminī	—
	future	—	circumfoditor	circumfoditor	—	—	circumfodiuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		circumfodere	circumfōdisse	circumfossūrum esse	circumfodī	circumfossum esse	circumfossum īrī
participles		circumfodiēns	—	circumfossūrus	—	circumfossus	circumfodiendus, circumfodiundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		circumfodiendī	circumfodiendō	circumfodiendum	circumfodiendō	circumfossum	circumfossū

Derived terms

• circumfossor
• circumfossus

 

Descendants

• French: cerfoïr
  • Middle French: cerfouir, serfouir
    • French: serfouir (with unetymological s- kept in the official spelling)
  • Norman: cherfoui'

References

• “circumfodio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• circumfodio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.