cnáim
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *knāmis, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “tibia”) and English ham.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
cnáim m (genitive cnámo or cnáma, nominative plural cnámai)
- bone
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
- In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.
- The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit against it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
Inflection edit
Masculine i-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | cnáim | cnáimL | cnámaiH, cnámi |
Vocative | cnáim | cnáimL | cnámaiH, cnámi |
Accusative | cnáimN | cnáimL | cnámaiH, cnámi |
Genitive | cnámoH, cnámaH | cnámoH, cnámaH | cnámaeN |
Dative | cnáimL | cnámaib | cnámaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants edit
- Irish: cnámh
- Manx: craue
- Scottish Gaelic: cnàimh
- →? Middle Welsh: knaw
- ⇒ Welsh: pencnaw (“end of a bone”)
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
cnáim | chnáim | cnáim pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “cnáim”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language