crier
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English cryer, criere, cryare, crior, criour, from Old French crieor (Modern French crieur), derived from the verb crier. By surface analysis, cry + -er.
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈkɹaɪɚ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈkraɪə/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)
Noun edit
crier (plural criers)
- One who cries.
- 1967, Richard M. Elman, The 28th day of Elul, page 94:
- Once again she had been stricken, beaten down, so violated that to give utterance to her feelings might have outshrilled all the criers in hell.
- An officer who proclaims the orders or directions of a court, or who gives public notice by loud proclamation, such as a town crier.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
Anagrams edit
Aromanian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Probably from Latin cerebrum through a Vulgar Latin root *crebrum or possibly from the diminutive form cerebellum through a root *crebellum (compare the variant form, also found in Megleno-Romanian, which seems to still preserve the -l-). Compare Romanian creier.
Noun edit
crier m (plural crieri)
Synonyms edit
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French crier, from Old French cri(d)er, from Vulgar Latin *crītāre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
crier
Conjugation edit
infinitive | simple | crier | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | criant /kʁi.jɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | crié /kʁi.je/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | crie /kʁi/ |
cries /kʁi/ |
crie /kʁi/ |
crions /kʁi.jɔ̃/ |
criez /kʁi.je/ |
crient /kʁi/ |
imperfect | criais /kʁi.jɛ/ |
criais /kʁi.jɛ/ |
criait /kʁi.jɛ/ |
criions /kʁi.jɔ̃/ |
criiez /kʁi.je/ |
criaient /kʁi.jɛ/ | |
past historic2 | criai /kʁi.je/ |
crias /kʁi.ja/ |
cria /kʁi.ja/ |
criâmes /kʁi.jam/ |
criâtes /kʁi.jat/ |
crièrent /kʁi.jɛʁ/ | |
future | crierai /kʁi.ʁe/ |
crieras /kʁi.ʁa/ |
criera /kʁi.ʁa/ |
crierons /kʁi.ʁɔ̃/ |
crierez /kʁi.ʁe/ |
crieront /kʁi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | crierais /kʁi.ʁɛ/ |
crierais /kʁi.ʁɛ/ |
crierait /kʁi.ʁɛ/ |
crierions /kʁi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
crieriez /kʁi.ʁje/ |
crieraient /kʁi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | crie /kʁi/ |
cries /kʁi/ |
crie /kʁi/ |
criions /kʁi.jɔ̃/ |
criiez /kʁi.je/ |
crient /kʁi/ |
imperfect2 | criasse /kʁi.jas/ |
criasses /kʁi.jas/ |
criât /kʁi.ja/ |
criassions /kʁi.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
criassiez /kʁi.ja.sje/ |
criassent /kʁi.jas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | crie /kʁi/ |
— | crions /kʁi.jɔ̃/ |
criez /kʁi.je/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “crier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Norman edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *crītāre.
Verb edit
crier (gerund criethie)
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *crītāre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
crier
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | crier | avoir crïé | |||||
gerund | en criant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | criant | ||||||
past participle | crïé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | cri | crïes | crïe | crions | crïez | crïent |
imperfect | crioie, crïeie, crioe, crïeve | crioies, crïeies, crioes, crïeves | crioit, crïeit, criot, crïeve | criiiens, criiens | criiiez, criiez | crioient, crïeient, crioent, crïevent | |
preterite | criai | crias | cria | criames | criastes | crïerent | |
future | crïerai | crïeras | crïera | crïerons | crïeroiz, crïereiz, crïerez | crïeront | |
conditional | crïeroie, crïereie | crïeroies, crïereies | crïeroit, crïereit | crïeriiens, crïeriens | crïeriiez, crïeriez | crïeroient, crïereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | cri | cris | crit | crions | crïez | crïent |
imperfect | criasse | criasses | criast | criissons, criissiens | criissoiz, criissez, criissiez | criassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | crïe | — | crions | crïez | — |
Descendants edit
References edit
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “quĭrītare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 1484
Romanian edit
Noun edit
crier m (plural crieri)
- Alternative form of creier