cruaidh
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Munster) IPA(key): /kɾˠuəɟ/, [kɾˠuɛ̯ɟ][1]
- (Connacht) IPA(key): /kɾˠuə/
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /kɾˠuəj/, [kɾˠui̯][2]
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
cruaidh f (genitive singular cruadhach)
- Alternative form of cruach (“steel”)
Declension edit
Declension of cruaidh
Bare forms (no plural for this noun):
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
cruaidh f
- Munster, Ulster, and superseded form of crua (“hard”)
Adjective edit
cruaidh (genitive singular feminine cruaidhe, plural cruaidhe, comparative cruaidhe)
- Munster, Ulster, and superseded form of crua (“hard”)
Declension edit
Declension of cruaidh
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | cruaidh | chruaidh | cruaidhe; chruaidhe² | |
Vocative | chruaidh | cruaidhe | ||
Genitive | cruaidhe | cruaidhe | cruaidh | |
Dative | cruaidh; chruaidh¹ |
chruaidh | cruaidhe; chruaidhe² | |
Comparative | níos cruaidhe | |||
Superlative | is cruaidhe |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
cruaidh | chruaidh | gcruaidh |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 24
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 59
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cruaidh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish crúaid (“hard”), from Proto-Celtic *kroudis, from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
cruaidh
Derived terms edit
- bathar-cruaidh (“hardware”)
- clàr cruaidh (“hard disk”)
- cluaran-cruaidh (“sow thistle”)
- raineach chruaidh (“hard fern”)
Noun edit
cruaidh f (genitive singular cruadhach or cruaidhe, plural cruadhaichean)
Further reading edit
- Edward Dwelly (1911) “cruaidh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary][1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “crúaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language