crudelis
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From crūdus.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /kruːˈdeː.lis/, [kruːˈd̪eːlʲɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kruˈde.lis/, [kruˈd̪ɛːlis]
Adjective edit
crūdēlis (neuter crūdēle, comparative crūdēlior, superlative crūdēlissimus, adverb crūdēlē or crūdēliter); third-declension two-termination adjective
- unfeeling, rude
- ruthless, cruel, merciless
- Synonyms: trux, ferōx, violēns, atrōx, immānis, efferus, ferus, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer
- Antonyms: mītis, misericors, tranquillus, placidus, quietus, clemens
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.680-681:
- “Hīs etiam strūxī manibus, patriōsque vocāvī
vōce deōs, sīc tē ut positā crūdēlis abessem?”- “Have I even built [the funeral pyre] with these hands, and with my voice invoked the ancestral gods, only that when you had laid down in this way [to die], I – [how] cruel! – would be separated [from you]?”
(Regarding the ambiguity of “crudelis” in this context, see: Austin, R.G., [1966], Aeneidos Liber Quartus, pg. 195 – “Crudelis: this may be either nominative or vocative. Commentators have been divided from early times on the point; and as one thinks now of Anna, now of Dido, each without the other’s comfort and confidence at such a moment, how can any sure decision be made, and why should it be made?”)
- “Have I even built [the funeral pyre] with these hands, and with my voice invoked the ancestral gods, only that when you had laid down in this way [to die], I – [how] cruel! – would be separated [from you]?”
- “Hīs etiam strūxī manibus, patriōsque vocāvī
Declension edit
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
| Nominative | crūdēlis | crūdēle | crūdēlēs | crūdēlia | |
| Genitive | crūdēlis | crūdēlium | |||
| Dative | crūdēlī | crūdēlibus | |||
| Accusative | crūdēlem | crūdēle | crūdēlēs crūdēlīs |
crūdēlia | |
| Ablative | crūdēlī | crūdēlibus | |||
| Vocative | crūdēlis | crūdēle | crūdēlēs | crūdēlia | |
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “crudelis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “crudelis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- crudelis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.