cumprir
Galician edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese comprir (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *complīre, from Latin complēre. The retention of /pl/ is unusual and perhaps reflects some form of conservative tendency. Cf. encher < implēre for the more usual outcome.[1] Compare Portuguese cumprir, Spanish cumplir.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
cumprir (first-person singular present cumpro, first-person singular preterite cumprín, past participle cumprido)
cumprir (first-person singular present cumpro, first-person singular preterite cumprim or cumpri, past participle cumprido, reintegrationist norm)
- (transitive with con (somewhat formal) or with no preposition) to carry out, to do, to perform
- (transitive) to fulfil
- (transitive) to accomplish
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to come true, to be fulfilled
- 1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 467:
- seméllame, fillo, que ora son cõpridos de tj os soños que eu sonaua et as uisiões que uij́a et as coytas grãdes que sofría ẽno coraçõ
- it seems to me, my son, that by you the dreams I dreamed and the visions I envisioned are fulfilled and [finished] the big sorrows I suffered in my heart
- (transitive) to finish a period of time
Conjugation edit
1Less recommended.
Related terms edit
Verb edit
cumprir (third-person only, third-person singular present cómpre, third-person singular preterite cumpriu, past participle cumprido)
cumprir (third-person only, third-person singular present cumpre, third-person singular preterite cumpriu, past participle cumprido, reintegrationist norm)
- (impersonal) to be necessary or advisable
- Cómpre que deixemos de emitir CO2 ― It is necessary that we stop emitting CO2
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 71:
- mudandolle o freo mansamente et fortemente como conprir
- changing the bit gently and strongly, as needed
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to need, must
- Cómpreche facer exercicio ― You must exercise
Conjugation edit
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | cumprir | |||||
| Personal | — | — | cumprir | — | — | cumpriren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| cumprindo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | cumprido | cumpridos | ||||
| Feminine | cumprida | cumpridas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | — | — | cómpre | — | — | cómpren |
| Imperfect | — | — | cumpría | — | — | cumprían |
| Preterite | — | — | cumpriu | — | — | cumpriron |
| Pluperfect | — | — | cumprira | — | — | cumpriran |
| Future | — | — | cumprirá | — | — | cumprirán |
| Conditional | — | — | cumpriría | — | — | cumprirían |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | — | — | cumpra | — | — | cumpran |
| Imperfect | — | — | cumprise | — | — | cumprisen |
| Future | — | — | cumprir | — | — | cumpriren |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Negative (non) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti / tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | cumprir | |||||
| Personal | — | — | cumprir | — | — | cumprirem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| cumprindo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | cumprido | cumpridos | ||||
| Feminine | cumprida | cumpridas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | — | — | cumpre | — | — | cumprem |
| Imperfect | — | — | cumpria | — | — | cumpriam |
| Preterite | — | — | cumpriu | — | — | cumprírom, cumpriram |
| Pluperfect | — | — | cumprira | — | — | cumpriram |
| Future | — | — | cumprirá | — | — | cumprirám, cumprirão |
| Conditional | — | — | cumpriria | — | — | cumpririam |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | — | — | cumpra | — | — | cumpram |
| Imperfect | — | — | cumprisse | — | — | cumprissem |
| Future | — | — | cumprir | — | — | cumprirem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Negative (nom) | — | — | — | — | — | |
References edit
- “comprir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “conprir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “cumprir” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.* “cumprir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “cumprir” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “cumprir” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “cumplir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 290
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Vulgar Latin *complīre, from Latin complēre. The retention of /pl/ is unusual and perhaps reflects some form of conservative tendency. Cf. encher < implēre for the more usual outcome.[1] Compare Galician cumprir, Spanish cumplir.
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: cum‧prir
Verb edit
cumprir (first-person singular present cumpro, first-person singular preterite cumpri, past participle cumprido)
- (transitive with com (somewhat formal) or with no preposition) to carry out, to do, to perform
- Você deveria cumprir com o seu dever.
- You should carry out your duty.
- (transitive) to fulfil
- (transitive) to accomplish
- Você cumpriu os seus objetivos?
- Did you accomplish your goals?
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to come true, to be fulfilled
Conjugation edit
Antonyms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- “cumprir” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.
- “cumprir” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
- “cumprir” in iDicionário Aulete.
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “cumplir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 290