dabūt
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian добы́ть (dobýtʹ, “to get, to obtain”), itself derived from быть (bytʹ, “to be”). Given its archaic form dabuit (attested in 17th-century dictionaries), this borrowing must have happened before the 13th century, when ы had the sound ui. A different (minority) opinion is that dabūt was not borrowed, but is related to dobt (“to hollow out”) and to dialectal dābt (“to hit, to cut”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
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Verb edit
dabūt (transitive, 2nd conjugation, present dabūju, dabū, dabū, past dabūju)
- to get, to obtain (to become the holder, possessor of something)
- dabūt biļetes uz koncertu ― to get, obtain tickets to the concert
- dabūt aizdoto naudu atpakaļ ― to get the loaned money back
- dabūt labu palīgu, darbu ― to get good help, a job
- dabūt vīru, sievu ― to get a husband, a wife
- turi, meita, godu savu, tu vairs citu nedabūsi ― keep, daughter, your honor, you will not get anything else
- to get, to find
- kur jūs dabūjāt šos ziedus? ― where did you get these flowers?
- šo grāmatu vairs nekur nevar dabūt ― this book cannot be found anywhere anymore
- to get, to buy
- loterijas biļetes var dabūt visās iestādēs, uzņēmumos ― one can get lotery tickets in all institutions (and) enterprises
- to get a result, to succeed in getting
- dabūt telefona savienojumu ― to get a telephone connection
- ātri dabūt tālsarunu ― to get a long-distance call
- dabūt no vietnieka parakstu ― to get a signature from the deputy
- to get, to receive
- dabūt vēstules ― to get, receive letters
- dabūt labu atzīmi ― to get a good grade
- dabūt dāvanu ― to receive a present
- cik dabūji par sviestu? ― how much (money) did you get for the butter?
- savu nosaukumu Galariji ir dabūjuši no tā, ka atradās pašā ciema galā ― the Galaraji got their name from the fact that they are located at the very end of the village
- to get, to become sick with (a disease)
- dabūt iesnas ― to get a cold
- pasaule runāja, ka viņš savā laikā pārdzēries un no tā dabūjis iekšās audzēju ― the world (= people) say that he drank too much in his time and from (= because of) this he got a visceral tumor
- to get, to accomplish (some physical work, usually with effort)
- dabūt kurpi kājā ― to get the shoes on (one's) feet
- dabūt logu vaļā ― to get the window open
- dabūt vārtus ciet ― to get the gates shut, closed
- dabūt skapi pa durvīm iekšā ― to get the cupboard in through the door
- dabūt kastei vāku nost ― to get the lid off the box
- dabūt bērnu gultā ― to get the child in bed
- dabūt prom ziņkārīgos ― to get the curious (to move) away
- dabūt rokas tīras ― to get (one's) hands clean
- dabūt cietušo pie samaņas ― to get the victim conscious (= to make him/her regain consciousness)
- to get the chance, the opportunity (to do something)
- dabūt nosnausties ― to get (the chance) to take a nap
- dabūt dzirdēt jauno ziņu ― to get to hear the new message
- dabūt zināt ― to get to know
- viņš nedabūja nobeigt, jo mūsu meitenes sacēla tādu brēku, ka Ādolfam neatlika nekas cits kā iesākto domu pavedienu pārtraukt ― he didn't get to finish, because our girls raised such noise that Ādolfs had no choice but to stop (his) ongoing thread of thought
- to get (to be subjected to some physical or emotional effect)
- dabūt triecienu ― to get a shock
- dabūt pļauku ― to get a slap
- dabūt pērienu ― to get a beating
- dabūt rājienu ― to get a reprimand
- dabūt sodu ― to get a punishment
- dabūt pa pirkstiem ― to get (= be hit) on the fingers
- es dabūju tādu belzienu pa kaklu, ka acīs man satumsa ― I got such a blow on the neck that my eyes (= vision) went black
- Māri, beidz pļāpāt muļķības! pateikšu vecmāmiņai, tad tu dabūsi! ― Māris, stop blabbering nonsense! I'll tell grandmother, then you will get it (= punishment)
- to get (to be damaged, harmed by something)
- pulkstenis dabūjis triecienu ― the clock got a shock, a blow
- (colloquial) to get to, to have to (to feel forced, pressured to do something)
- dabūju iet atpakaļ uz mājām ― I got to, had to go back home
- dabūju nogaidīt līdz vēlam vakaram ― I got to, had to wait until late at night
- par to man dabūsi samaksāt! ― for this you will get, have to pay me!
- zēns dabūjis uzdevumu pārrakstīt ― the boy got to, had to rewrite his task (= homework)
Conjugation edit
conjugation of dabūt
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | dabūju | dabūju | dabūšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | dabū | dabūji | dabūsi | dabū |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | dabū | dabūja | dabūs | lai dabū |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | dabūjam | dabūjām | dabūsim | dabūsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | dabūjat | dabūjāt | dabūsiet, dabūsit |
dabūjiet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | dabū | dabūja | dabūs | lai dabū |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | dabūjot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | dabūjošs | ||
| Past | esot dabūjis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | dabūdams | ||
| Future | dabūšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | dabūjot | ||
| Imperative | lai dabūjot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | dabūjam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | dabūjis | |||
| Present | dabūtu | Present Passive | dabūjams | ||
| Past | būtu dabūjis | Past Passive | dabūts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jādabū | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | dabūt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jādabū | Negative Infinitive | nedabūt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jādabūjot | Verbal noun | dabūšana | ||
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “dabūt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN