Wiktionary

des

See also: Appendix:Variations of "des"

English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

des

  1. (medicine, colloquial) Desflurane.

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

des

  1. plural of de

Anagrams edit

Bavarian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Cognate with German German das.

Alternative forms edit

  • 's (unstressed form)

Pronoun edit

des

  1. this, that
  2. it (nominative and accusative)
    Synonym: es
Usage notes edit

The pronoun des is always definite, i.e. referring to a noun or statement. For impersonal usage, see es.

See also edit
Bavarian personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
1st person singular i — mi — mia (mir) ma
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du — di — dia (dir) da
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Sie — Eahna — Eahna —
3rd person singular m er a eahm 'n eahm 'n
n es, des 's des 's
f se, de 's se 's ihr —
1st person plural mia (mir) ma uns — uns —
2nd person plural eß, ihr — enk, eich — enk, eich —
3rd person plural se 's eahna — eahna —

Article edit

des n

  1. the
See also edit
Bavarian articles
m n f pl
stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
definite nominative der, da — das, es, des 's de d' de d'
accusative en, den 'n
dative em, dem 'm em, dem 'm der, da —
genitive1 des des der, da der, da
indefinite nominative a — a — a —
accusative an 'n
dative am 'm am 'm a, ana 'na
1) higher, formal register

Etymology 2 edit

Learned borrowing from German des.

Article edit

des

  1. (higher register or poetic, Tyrol, Lower Austria, Styria) singular masculine and neuter genitive case of the definite article: of the
    • 1844, Johann Gabriel Seidl, Gedichte in niederösterreichischer Mundart, Druck und Verlag von J. P. Sollinger, Wien, page 210:
      Fragt má-r um den Grund des Wunders?
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1854, Gedichte im Tiroler Dialecte. Von C. v. L., p. 21 (in the poem Der Sommer. Im Kitzbichler Dialecte):
      Ge mooch a wenggail Stond
      Schau, weil i nett des Wegs a bi
      Oft thoan ma dlei mitnond
      Ey schaula Oergaill gest a zweg
      Schaugst gwiß dar Olma zua
      Oft had ma schia n dleichn Weg
      Hun höchst a besi Kua.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1870, Zither und Hackbret. Gedichte in obersteirischer Mundart von P. K. Rosegger. Mit einem Vorworte von Robert Hamerling, (Druck und Verlag von Josef Pock, Graz und Leipzig), p. 133:
      Und host bu bis des Priesters Hond
      Erhebt des Kelches Wein,
      Den Thurm erbaut zum Himmelsfol,
      So bist du wieda mein!
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1885, Edelweiß. Gedichte in niederösterreichischer Mundart von J. G. Hauer. Mit einem Vorworte von P. K. Rosegger, (Druck und Verlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien), p. 133:
      Bet s dr Engl des Herrn o,
      Moch drauf wieda s Kreuz:
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Catalan edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Late Latin de ēx.

Preposition edit

des

  1. from
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Contraction edit

des

  1. Contraction of de and es.

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

des (obsolete)

  1. inflection of dar:
    1. second-person singular present subjunctive
    2. first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive

References edit

  • “des” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cimbrian edit

Pronoun edit

des

  1. nominative/accusative singular neuter of dèar
    Des ist 's khint dar main sbéstare. ― This is my sister's child.
    Des ist an guuts baip. ― This is a good woman.

Determiner edit

des

  1. nominative/accusative singular neuter of dèar
    Des ròss is net main. ― This horse is not mine.

See also edit

Declension of dèar
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative dèar dòi des dii / zòi
accusative den dòi des dii / zòi
dative dèmme dèar dèmme den

Further reading edit

  • “des” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Danish edit

Conjunction edit

des

  1. the
    Jo større den er, des gladere bliver jeg.
    The larger it is, the gladder I shall be.

Synonyms edit

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /dɛs/, (historic) /dəs/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: des

Article edit

des

  1. (archaic) (archaic) genitive singular masculine/neuter of de (“the”)

Usage notes edit

  • Note that normally only the nominative de/het is used. The other forms are archaic, but survive in numerous idiomatic expressions such as des huizes, des morgens (itself archaic and shortened, like similar expressions, to 's morgens in contemporary Dutch).
  • The current pronunciation is a spelling pronunciation. Before the word became archaic, it was pronounced with a schwa, /dəs/.

Inflection edit

Dutch definite article
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative de de het de
Genitive des der des der
Dative den der den den
Accusative den de het de


Synonyms edit

Conjunction edit

des

  1. the ... the (used with te as an intensifier to indicate the degree of an action)
    Des te vaker de mensen Willem de rug toekeren des te beter! ― The more often people turn their back at Willem the better!

East Central German edit

Etymology edit

Cognate to German des.

Article edit

des

  1. (Silesian, Gebirgsschlesisch, Breslauisch, genitive) of the

Esperanto edit

Etymology edit

From Swedish and German desto.

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

des

  1. the; used with ju and either pli (“more”) or malpli (“less”) to form the second half of a coordinated comparative.
    Ju pli mi lernas, des pli mi scias.
    The more I learn, the more I know.
    • 1903, Ben Elmy, “La Lingvo de la floroj”, in The Esperantist: The Esperanto Gazette for the Spreading of the International Language, page 138:
      Ju pli ni studas la florojn, des pli ni konstatas, ke multe da ili posedas nesuspektitajn lertecojn, kiujn apud besto ni volonte nomus instinkto aŭ еĉ prudento.
      The more we study the flowers, the more we establish that many of them possess unexpected abilities, which in an animal we would willingly call instinct or even foresight.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Coordinate terms edit

Fiji Hindi edit

Etymology edit

Hindi देश (deś).

Noun edit

des

  1. country
    India ek prachin des hae.
    India is an old country.

Finnish edit

Etymology edit

From German Des (German key notation).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈdes/, [ˈde̞s̠]
  • Rhymes: -es
  • Syllabification(key): des

Noun edit

des

  1. (music) D-flat

Usage notes edit

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension edit

Inflection of des (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative des desit
genitive desin desien
partitive desiä desejä
illative desiin deseihin
singular plural
nominative des desit
accusative nom. des desit
gen. desin
genitive desin desien
partitive desiä desejä
inessive desissä deseissä
elative desistä deseistä
illative desiin deseihin
adessive desillä deseillä
ablative desiltä deseiltä
allative desille deseille
essive desinä deseinä
translative desiksi deseiksi
abessive desittä deseittä
instructive — desein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of des (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative desini desini
accusative nom. desini desini
gen. desini
genitive desini desieni
partitive desiäni desejäni
inessive desissäni deseissäni
elative desistäni deseistäni
illative desiini deseihini
adessive desilläni deseilläni
ablative desiltäni deseiltäni
allative desilleni deseilleni
essive desinäni deseinäni
translative desikseni deseikseni
abessive desittäni deseittäni
instructive — —
comitative — deseineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative desisi desisi
accusative nom. desisi desisi
gen. desisi
genitive desisi desiesi
partitive desiäsi desejäsi
inessive desissäsi deseissäsi
elative desistäsi deseistäsi
illative desiisi deseihisi
adessive desilläsi deseilläsi
ablative desiltäsi deseiltäsi
allative desillesi deseillesi
essive desinäsi deseinäsi
translative desiksesi deseiksesi
abessive desittäsi deseittäsi
instructive — —
comitative — deseinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative desimme desimme
accusative nom. desimme desimme
gen. desimme
genitive desimme desiemme
partitive desiämme desejämme
inessive desissämme deseissämme
elative desistämme deseistämme
illative desiimme deseihimme
adessive desillämme deseillämme
ablative desiltämme deseiltämme
allative desillemme deseillemme
essive desinämme deseinämme
translative desiksemme deseiksemme
abessive desittämme deseittämme
instructive — —
comitative — deseinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative desinne desinne
accusative nom. desinne desinne
gen. desinne
genitive desinne desienne
partitive desiänne desejänne
inessive desissänne deseissänne
elative desistänne deseistänne
illative desiinne deseihinne
adessive desillänne deseillänne
ablative desiltänne deseiltänne
allative desillenne deseillenne
essive desinänne deseinänne
translative desiksenne deseiksenne
abessive desittänne deseittänne
instructive — —
comitative — deseinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative desinsä desinsä
accusative nom. desinsä desinsä
gen. desinsä
genitive desinsä desiensä
partitive desiään
desiänsä 		desejään
desejänsä
inessive desissään
desissänsä 		deseissään
deseissänsä
elative desistään
desistänsä 		deseistään
deseistänsä
illative desiinsä deseihinsä
adessive desillään
desillänsä 		deseillään
deseillänsä
ablative desiltään
desiltänsä 		deseiltään
deseiltänsä
allative desilleen
desillensä 		deseilleen
deseillensä
essive desinään
desinänsä 		deseinään
deseinänsä
translative desikseen
desiksensä 		deseikseen
deseiksensä
abessive desittään
desittänsä 		deseittään
deseittänsä
instructive — —
comitative — deseineen
deseinensä

Derived terms edit

compounds

French edit

Etymology edit

The use as an article is a special case of the contraction.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /de/, (before a vowel) /de.z‿/
  • IPA(key): /dɛ/, (before a vowel) /dɛ.z‿/
  • audio(file)

Article edit

des m pl or f pl

  1. plural of un (“some; the plural indefinite article”)
  2. plural of une (“some; the plural indefinite article”)
  3. plural of du (“some; the plural partitive article”)
  4. plural of de la (“some; the plural partitive article”)
  5. plural of de l’ (“some; the plural partitive article”)

Usage notes edit

  • The plural indefinite article des is elided when it would follow the preposition de.

Derived terms edit

Contraction edit

des

  1. Contraction of de les (“of the, from the, some”).

Further reading edit

Galician edit

Etymology edit

From Latin dē + ex.

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

des

  1. since
  2. from (a location)

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

  • “des” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “des” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.

German edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /dəs/ (generally)
  • IPA(key): /dɛs/ (when stressed, which is rare)
  • audio(file)

Article edit

des

  1. genitive masculine/neuter singular of der: the

Declension edit

German definite articles
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative der die das die
Genitive des der des der
Dative dem der dem den
Accusative den die das die

Guinea-Bissau Creole edit

Guinea-Bissau Creole cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal : des

Etymology edit

From Portuguese dez. Cognate with Kabuverdianu dés.

Numeral edit

des

  1. ten (10)

Latin edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

dēs

  1. second-person singular present active subjunctive of dō

Lombard edit

Alternative forms edit

  • dex, dés (Western orthographies)
  • déss (Eastern orthographies)

Etymology edit

From Latin decem.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /des/, [deːs]
  • IPA(key): /des/, [deːh], [deːʰ], [deː] (High Brescian and Bergamasque)
  • IPA(key): /des/, [deːʃ] (Ticinese and Valtellinese)

Numeral edit

des

  1. ten

Middle Dutch edit

Article edit

des

  1. masculine/neuter genitive singular of die

Middle English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

des

  1. Alternative form of deis (“dais”)

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

des

  1. plural of de (“die”)

Noun edit

des

  1. Alternative form of dees (“die”)

Old Galician-Portuguese edit

Etymology edit

From Late Latin dē ex.

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

des

  1. since (from a time)

Descendants edit

  • Galician: des
  • Portuguese: dês

Forms combined with de:

Piedmontese edit

Piedmontese cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal : des

Etymology edit

From Latin decem, from Proto-Italic *dekem. Cognates include Italian diece and French dix.

Pronunciation edit

Numeral edit

des

  1. ten

Romanian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Latin dēnsus (“dense; frequent”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“thick, dense”). Doublet of dens, a borrowing.

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

des m or n (feminine singular deasă, masculine plural deși, feminine and neuter plural dese)

  1. frequent, often
    Antonym: rar
  2. abundant, copious
  3. dense, thick

Declension edit

Declension of des
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite des deasă deși dese
definite desul deasa deșii desele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite des dese deși dese
definite desului desei deșilor deselor

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

See also edit

Spanish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈdes/ [ˈd̪es]
  • Rhymes: -es
  • Syllabification: des

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Late Latin dē ex.

Preposition edit

des

  1. (rare) since
Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun edit

des f pl

  1. plural of de

Etymology 3 edit

Verb edit

des

  1. inflection of dar:
    1. second-person singular present subjunctive
    2. second-person singular voseo present subjunctive

Tok Pisin edit

Etymology edit

From English desk.

Noun edit

des

  1. desk

Welsh edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

des

  1. first-person singular preterite colloquial of dod

Mutation edit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
des ddes nes unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Zazaki edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Iranian *dáca (“ten”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

Numeral edit

des

  1. ten
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