devel

English edit

Noun edit

devel (plural devels)

(Scotland) Alternative spelling of devvel

Verb edit

devel (third-person singular simple present devels, present participle develling, simple past and past participle develled)

(Scotland) Alternative spelling of devvel

Anagrams edit

Delve, delve

Middle English edit

Alternative forms edit

deovel, deevel, devil, dyvel, devul, devyl, devell, devyll, deul, dewel, deyle, devull, dele

Etymology edit

From Old English dēofol, dēoful, from earlier dīobul, from Proto-West Germanic *diubul, from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈdeːvəl/, /ˈdɛvəl/, /deːl/

Noun edit

devel (plural develes or defles or develen)

Satan, Lucifer (in Early ME, without the definite article)
- a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Summoner's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1693–1696:
  Right so as bees out swarmen from an hyve, / Out of the develes ers ther gonne dryve / Twenty thousand freres on a route / And thurghout helle swarmed al aboute...
  Just like bees swarm from a hive / Out of the devil's arse there were driven / Twenty thousand friars on a rout / And throughout hell they swarmed all about...
A devil; an evil creature that resides in the Christian hell.
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎^[2], published c. 1410, James 2:19, page 110r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
  þou bileueſt þat o god is .· þou doiſt wel / ⁊ deuelis bileuen .· ⁊ tremblen
  You believe that there's one God; you're doing well. But devils believe, and tremble.
A pagan or heretical god; a deity considered to be false or an idol.
(figurative) A malicious or sinful person; one who is evil.
(rare) A fantastic beast or monstrous creature.

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

English: devil (see there for further descendants)
Scots: deil, deel, deevil
Yola: deevil, deel

References edit

“dẹ̄vel, devel, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-12.

Romani edit

Alternative forms edit

del

Etymology edit

Two etymologies have been proposed:

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀉𑀮 (devaüla), from Sanskrit देवकुल (devakula).^[1]
Inherited from Sanskrit देवता (devatā).^[2]^[3]^[4]

Noun edit

devel m (accusative devles, nominative plural devla, accusative plural devlen)

god^[1]^[3]^[5]^[6]
sky^[3]^[5]
heaven^[3]^[5]

Derived terms edit

Devel

Descendants edit

Caló: debel

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Jules Bloch (1920) “devaḷ deuḷ”, in Dev Raj Chanana, transl., The Formation of the Marāṭhī Language, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House, published 2010, →ISBN, →OCLC, retrieved September 1, 2021, page 351, →ISBN
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dēvátā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 373
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “devèl”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 70b
^ Yaron Matras (2002) “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎^[1], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 39
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Marcel Courthiade (2009) “o dev/el¹, -les m. -la, -len = o de/l²³, -vles m. -vla, -vlen”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 124ab
^
^{The template Template:R:NERG+ does not use the parameter(s): 1=devel, ～a
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Yūsuke Sumi (2018) ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 148a

[bl-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Jules Bloch (1920) “devaḷ deuḷ”, in Dev Raj Chanana, transl., The Formation of the Marāṭhī Language, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House, published 2010, →ISBN, →OCLC, retrieved September 1, 2021, page 351, →ISBN

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dēvátā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 373

[bi-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “devèl”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 70b

[4] Yaron Matras (2002) “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎^[1], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 39

[c-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Marcel Courthiade (2009) “o dev/el¹, -les m. -la, -len = o de/l²³, -vles m. -vla, -vlen”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 124ab

[6] {The template Template:R:NERG+ does not use the parameter(s): 1=devel, ～a
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Yūsuke Sumi (2018) ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 148a

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