dió
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
From old Hungarian gyivó, from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries.[1] According to Talât Tekin it was borrowed from Lir-type Turkic. Related to Kazakh жаңғақ (jañğaq), Uzbek yong'oq, Old Turkic [script needed] (yagak), etc.[2]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
dió (countable and uncountable, plural diók)
- walnut (either a nut or the wood of the walnut tree)
- (in compounds) some (but not all) other nuts (see the Derived terms below)
Usage notes edit
In Hungarian there is no generic term for nut as such; some are referred to as a type of dió (originally: “walnut”), some others as a type of mogyoró (“peanut / hazelnut”), and some others as a type of gesztenye (“chestnut”). On the other hand, pine nut is called fenyőmag (literally “pine seed”). The broad meaning of nut may be expressed with a phrase formed with the above terms: dió-, mogyoró- és gesztenyeféle or loosely dióféle (compare -féle).
Declension edit
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | dió | diók |
| accusative | diót | diókat |
| dative | diónak | dióknak |
| instrumental | dióval | diókkal |
| causal-final | dióért | diókért |
| translative | dióvá | diókká |
| terminative | dióig | diókig |
| essive-formal | dióként | diókként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | dióban | diókban |
| superessive | dión | diókon |
| adessive | diónál | dióknál |
| illative | dióba | diókba |
| sublative | dióra | diókra |
| allative | dióhoz | diókhoz |
| elative | dióból | diókból |
| delative | dióról | diókról |
| ablative | diótól | dióktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
dióé | dióké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
dióéi | diókéi |
| Possessive forms of dió | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | dióm | dióim |
| 2nd person sing. | diód | dióid |
| 3rd person sing. | diója | diói |
| 1st person plural | diónk | dióink |
| 2nd person plural | diótok | dióitok |
| 3rd person plural | diójuk | dióik |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ dió in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ Tekin, Talât, Tuna Bulgarları ve Dilleri, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1987.
Further reading edit
- dió in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- dió in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Spanish edit
Verb edit
dió