diriger
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French diriger, from Latin dīrigere (“to direct”), simplified into a first conjugation French verb.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
diriger
- (transitive) to run; to direct (be the director of)
- Il dirige son entreprise avec passion.
- He runs his business with passion.
- to supervise; to oversee
- to steer (vehicles)
- Il sait bien diriger le bateau.
- He knows how to steer the boat.
- to aim, to direct
- Dirigez vos armes à l’ennemi.
- Aim your weapons at the enemy.
- (cinematography) to direct (a film)
- (reflexive, se diriger) to go towards; to head (for)
- Le camion se dirige vers la falaise.
- The truck is heading for the cliff.
Conjugation edit
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written dirige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of diriger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | diriger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | dirigeant /di.ʁi.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | dirigé /di.ʁi.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | dirige /di.ʁiʒ/ |
diriges /di.ʁiʒ/ |
dirige /di.ʁiʒ/ |
dirigeons /di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/ |
dirigez /di.ʁi.ʒe/ |
dirigent /di.ʁiʒ/ |
| imperfect | dirigeais /di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ |
dirigeais /di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ |
dirigeait /di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ |
dirigions /di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ |
dirigiez /di.ʁi.ʒje/ |
dirigeaient /di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | dirigeai /di.ʁi.ʒe/ |
dirigeas /di.ʁi.ʒa/ |
dirigea /di.ʁi.ʒa/ |
dirigeâmes /di.ʁi.ʒam/ |
dirigeâtes /di.ʁi.ʒat/ |
dirigèrent /di.ʁi.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | dirigerai /di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ |
dirigeras /di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ |
dirigera /di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ |
dirigerons /di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
dirigerez /di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ |
dirigeront /di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | dirigerais /di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ |
dirigerais /di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ |
dirigerait /di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ |
dirigerions /di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
dirigeriez /di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁje/ |
dirigeraient /di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | dirige /di.ʁiʒ/ |
diriges /di.ʁiʒ/ |
dirige /di.ʁiʒ/ |
dirigions /di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ |
dirigiez /di.ʁi.ʒje/ |
dirigent /di.ʁiʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | dirigeasse /di.ʁi.ʒas/ |
dirigeasses /di.ʁi.ʒas/ |
dirigeât /di.ʁi.ʒa/ |
dirigeassions /di.ʁi.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
dirigeassiez /di.ʁi.ʒa.sje/ |
dirigeassent /di.ʁi.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | dirige /di.ʁiʒ/ |
— | dirigeons /di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/ |
dirigez /di.ʁi.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written dirige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of se diriger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | se diriger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | se dirigeant /sə di.ʁi.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | dirigé /di.ʁi.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | me dirige /mə di.ʁiʒ/ |
te diriges /tə di.ʁiʒ/ |
se dirige /sə di.ʁiʒ/ |
nous dirigeons /nu di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/ |
vous dirigez /vu di.ʁi.ʒe/ |
se dirigent /sə di.ʁiʒ/ |
| imperfect | me dirigeais /mə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ |
te dirigeais /tə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ |
se dirigeait /sə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ |
nous dirigions /nu di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ |
vous dirigiez /vu di.ʁi.ʒje/ |
se dirigeaient /sə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | me dirigeai /mə di.ʁi.ʒe/ |
te dirigeas /tə di.ʁi.ʒa/ |
se dirigea /sə di.ʁi.ʒa/ |
nous dirigeâmes /nu di.ʁi.ʒam/ |
vous dirigeâtes /vu di.ʁi.ʒat/ |
se dirigèrent /sə di.ʁi.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | me dirigerai /mə di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ |
te dirigeras /tə di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ |
se dirigera /sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ |
nous dirigerons /nu di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous dirigerez /vu di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ |
se dirigeront /sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | me dirigerais /mə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ |
te dirigerais /tə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ |
se dirigerait /sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ |
nous dirigerions /nu di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous dirigeriez /vu di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁje/ |
se dirigeraient /sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | me dirige /mə di.ʁiʒ/ |
te diriges /tə di.ʁiʒ/ |
se dirige /sə di.ʁiʒ/ |
nous dirigions /nu di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ |
vous dirigiez /vu di.ʁi.ʒje/ |
se dirigent /sə di.ʁiʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | me dirigeasse /mə di.ʁi.ʒas/ |
te dirigeasses /tə di.ʁi.ʒas/ |
se dirigeât /sə di.ʁi.ʒa/ |
nous dirigeassions /nu di.ʁi.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
vous dirigeassiez /vu di.ʁi.ʒa.sje/ |
se dirigeassent /sə di.ʁi.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | dirige-toi /di.ʁiʒ.twa/ |
— | dirigeons-nous /di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃.nu/ |
dirigez-vous /di.ʁi.ʒe.vu/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Dutch: dirigeren
- → Romanian: dirija
- → Russian: дирижировать (dirižirovatʹ)
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “diriger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Verb edit
diriger