dringid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *dringeti. The preterite forms, such as drebraing, are irregular, and are analogically formed after lingid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdʲrʲiŋʲɡʲiðʲ]

Verb

dringid (prototonic ·dring, verbal noun dréim)

1. to climb
2. to advance (forwards, or past something)

Conjugation

Simple, class B III present, reduplicated preterite, s subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Abs.			dringthiar (quasi-deponent)			drengait; drengaitir (quasi-deponent)
	Conj.			·dring			·drengat
	Rel.
Imperfect indicative				dringed
Preterite	Abs.			drebraing
	Conj.			·drebraing
	Rel.
Perfect	Deut.			ro·drebraing
	Prot.
Future	Abs.
	Conj.
	Rel.
Conditional
Present subjunctive	Abs.
	Conj.
	Rel.
Past subjunctive
Imperative
Verbal noun
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Descendants

• → Middle Welsh: dringo
  • Welsh: dringo, dringad
• ⇒ Irish: dréim (from the verbal noun)

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
dringid	dringid pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/	ndringid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dringid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language