duire
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
duire
- (transitive, obsolete) to train (an animal, esp. a bird)[1]
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of duire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | duire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | duisant /dɥi.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | duit /dɥi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | duis /dɥi/ |
duis /dɥi/ |
duit /dɥi/ |
duisons /dɥi.zɔ̃/ |
duisez /dɥi.ze/ |
duisent /dɥiz/ |
| imperfect | duisais /dɥi.zɛ/ |
duisais /dɥi.zɛ/ |
duisait /dɥi.zɛ/ |
duisions /dɥi.zjɔ̃/ |
duisiez /dɥi.zje/ |
duisaient /dɥi.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | duisis /dɥi.zi/ |
duisis /dɥi.zi/ |
duisit /dɥi.zi/ |
duisîmes /dɥi.zim/ |
duisîtes /dɥi.zit/ |
duisirent /dɥi.ziʁ/ | |
| future | duirai /dɥi.ʁe/ |
duiras /dɥi.ʁa/ |
duira /dɥi.ʁa/ |
duirons /dɥi.ʁɔ̃/ |
duirez /dɥi.ʁe/ |
duiront /dɥi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | duirais /dɥi.ʁɛ/ |
duirais /dɥi.ʁɛ/ |
duirait /dɥi.ʁɛ/ |
duirions /dɥi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
duiriez /dɥi.ʁje/ |
duiraient /dɥi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | duise /dɥiz/ |
duises /dɥiz/ |
duise /dɥiz/ |
duisions /dɥi.zjɔ̃/ |
duisiez /dɥi.zje/ |
duisent /dɥiz/ |
| imperfect2 | duisisse /dɥi.zis/ |
duisisses /dɥi.zis/ |
duisît /dɥi.zi/ |
duisissions /dɥi.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
duisissiez /dɥi.zi.sje/ |
duisissent /dɥi.zis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | duis /dɥi/ |
— | duisons /dɥi.zɔ̃/ |
duisez /dɥi.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Synonyms edit
References edit
Further reading edit
- “duire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French duire.
Verb edit
duire
- to drive (to something)
- 1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 12:
- ceux qui sont duicts à combatre nuds, on les void se ietter aux hazards pareils aux nostres
- Those who are driven to fight naked, we see them fight against dangers similar to ours
- to guide; to assist to do
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Latin dūcere, present active infinitive of dūcō. Found in modern French only as a suffix, -duire, e.g. conduire.
Verb edit
duire
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of duire (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | duire | avoir duit | |||||
| gerund | en duisant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | duisant | ||||||
| past participle | duit | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | dui | duis | duit | duions | duiiez | duient |
| imperfect | duisoie, duiseie | duisoies, duiseies | duisoit, duiseit | duisiiens, duisiens | duisiiez, duisiez | duisoient, duiseient | |
| preterite | duis | duisis | duist | duisimes | duisistes | duistrent | |
| future | duirai | duiras | duira | duirons | duiroiz, duireiz, duirez | duiront | |
| conditional | duiroie, duireie | duiroies, duireies | duiroit, duireit | duiriiens, duiriens | duiriiez, duiriez | duiroient, duireient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | duie | duies | duie | duiiens, duions | duiiez | duient |
| imperfect | duisisse | duisisses | duisist | duisissons, duisissiens | duisissoiz, duisissez, duisissiez | duisissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | dui | — | duions | duiiez | — | ||
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Middle French: duire
References edit
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (duire)
- “Appendix E: Irregular Verbs” in E. Einhorn (1974), Old French: A Concise Handbook, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 153–154