duma
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Russian ду́ма (dúma, “elective legislative assembly”, originally: “thought”), Origin of the Slavic term is disputed. Either of Germanic origin. Doublet of doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow"), *dymъ (“smoke”). The drink is named after the legislative assembly.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
duma (plural dumas)
- A Russian legislative assembly such as the historical duma of the Russian Empire or the modern lower house of the Federal Assembly (the Russian national parliament).
- 1905, “Russian Duma” in The Outlook Volume 80, 989:
- Hence, while preserving his autocratic power, the Czar decrees a “Gosudarstvennaia Duma,” or State Council. The elections for this Duma will cover the whole territory of the Empire, ...
- 1905, “Russian Duma” in The Outlook Volume 80, 989:
- A drink mixing wine and vodka.
Translations edit
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Anagrams edit
Afar edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
dúma
- once upon a time
- in the beginning
Postposition edit
dúma
- (+ -k form) before
- Anú okmék dúma. ― Before I eat.
Noun edit
dúma m
Declension edit
Declension of dúma | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | dúma | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | dúma | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | dumí | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | dumí | |||||||||||||||||
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References edit
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “dùma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Bikol Central edit
Noun edit
duma
Hausa edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
dumā m (plural dumā̀mē, possessed form duman)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
dumā̀ (grade 1)
- To put one's mouth deeply into something
- (with an indirect object) To strike a person with something
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma, “duma”).
Noun edit
duma (usually uncountable, plural dumák)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | duma | dumák |
accusative | dumát | dumákat |
dative | dumának | dumáknak |
instrumental | dumával | dumákkal |
causal-final | dumáért | dumákért |
translative | dumává | dumákká |
terminative | dumáig | dumákig |
essive-formal | dumaként | dumákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | dumában | dumákban |
superessive | dumán | dumákon |
adessive | dumánál | dumáknál |
illative | dumába | dumákba |
sublative | dumára | dumákra |
allative | dumához | dumákhoz |
elative | dumából | dumákból |
delative | dumáról | dumákról |
ablative | dumától | dumáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
dumáé | dumáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
dumáéi | dumákéi |
Possessive forms of duma | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | dumám | dumáim |
2nd person sing. | dumád | dumáid |
3rd person sing. | dumája | dumái |
1st person plural | dumánk | dumáink |
2nd person plural | dumátok | dumáitok |
3rd person plural | dumájuk | dumáik |
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Romani dùma (“speech”), from a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *duma.
Noun edit
duma (countable and uncountable, plural dumák)
- (colloquial) talk, chat
- (colloquial) bullshit, lie
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | duma | dumák |
accusative | dumát | dumákat |
dative | dumának | dumáknak |
instrumental | dumával | dumákkal |
causal-final | dumáért | dumákért |
translative | dumává | dumákká |
terminative | dumáig | dumákig |
essive-formal | dumaként | dumákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | dumában | dumákban |
superessive | dumán | dumákon |
adessive | dumánál | dumáknál |
illative | dumába | dumákba |
sublative | dumára | dumákra |
allative | dumához | dumákhoz |
elative | dumából | dumákból |
delative | dumáról | dumákról |
ablative | dumától | dumáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
dumáé | dumáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
dumáéi | dumákéi |
Possessive forms of duma | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | dumám | dumáim |
2nd person sing. | dumád | dumáid |
3rd person sing. | dumája | dumái |
1st person plural | dumánk | dumáink |
2nd person plural | dumátok | dumáitok |
3rd person plural | dumájuk | dumáik |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- (duma): duma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (talk, chat): duma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- duma in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Kituba edit
Verb edit
duma
- to thunder
Latvian edit
Adjective edit
duma
Northern Ndebele edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-dùma.
Verb edit
-duma
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Northern Sotho edit
Etymology 1 edit
Verb edit
duma
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *-dùma.
Verb edit
duma
- to thunder
Pali edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”).
Noun edit
duma m
Declension edit
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | dumo | dumā |
Accusative (second) | dumaṃ | dume |
Instrumental (third) | dumena | dumehi or dumebhi |
Dative (fourth) | dumassa or dumāya or dumatthaṃ | dumānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | dumasmā or dumamhā or dumā | dumehi or dumebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | dumassa | dumānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | dumasmiṃ or dumamhi or dume | dumesu |
Vocative (calling) | duma | dumā |
References edit
- Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “duma”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
- Maung Tin (1920), The Student's Pali-English Dictionary, Rangoon: British Burma Press.
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma. Doublet of Duma.
Noun edit
duma f
- pride (sense of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or unworthy of one)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Ukrainian ду́ма (dúma).
Noun edit
duma f
- dumka (individual composition in the genre of instrumental folk music from Ukraine)
- Synonym: dumka
- dumka (literary work based on such a composition)
- Synonym: dumka
Declension edit
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
duma
Further reading edit
Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
- d'uma (dated)
Etymology edit
From earlier d'uma, de (“of”) + uma (“feminine singular indefinite article”).
Pronunciation edit
Contraction edit
duma f sg
Southern Ndebele edit
Relative edit
-dúma
Inflection edit
Relative concord | ||
---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |
1st singular | engiduma | ngiduma |
2nd singular | oduma | uduma |
1st plural | esiduma | siduma |
2nd plural | eniduma | niduma |
Class 1 | oduma | uduma |
Class 2 | abaduma | baduma |
Class 3 | oduma | uduma |
Class 4 | eduma | iduma |
Class 5 | eliduma | liduma |
Class 6 | aduma | aduma |
Class 7 | esiduma | siduma |
Class 8 | eziduma | ziduma |
Class 9 | eduma | iduma |
Class 10 | eziduma | ziduma |
Class 14 | obuduma | buduma |
Class 15 | okuduma | kuduma |
Class 17 | okuduma | kuduma |
Swahili edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file) - Hyphenation: du‧ma
Noun edit
duma (n class, plural duma)
Zulu edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Relative edit
-dúma
Inflection edit
Relative concord | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative | |
1st singular | engiduma | engingeduma | ngiduma | angiduma |
2nd singular | oduma | ongeduma | uduma | awuduma |
1st plural | esiduma | esingeduma | siduma | asiduma |
2nd plural | eniduma | eningeduma | niduma | aniduma |
Class 1 | oduma | ongeduma | uduma | akaduma |
Class 2 | abaduma | abangeduma | baduma | abaduma |
Class 3 | oduma | ongeduma | uduma | awuduma |
Class 4 | eduma | engeduma | iduma | ayiduma |
Class 5 | eliduma | elingeduma | liduma | aliduma |
Class 6 | aduma | angeduma | aduma | awaduma |
Class 7 | esiduma | esingeduma | siduma | asiduma |
Class 8 | eziduma | ezingeduma | ziduma | aziduma |
Class 9 | eduma | engeduma | iduma | ayiduma |
Class 10 | eziduma | ezingeduma | ziduma | aziduma |
Class 11 | oluduma | olungeduma | luduma | aluduma |
Class 14 | obuduma | obungeduma | buduma | abuduma |
Class 15 | okuduma | okungeduma | kuduma | akuduma |
Class 17 | okuduma | okungeduma | kuduma | akuduma |
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *-dùma.
The expected reflex would be -vuma. It is likely that this is a back formation from indumo, from Proto-Bantu *-dʊ̀ma, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-dùma.
Verb edit
-duma
- (intransitive) to be noisy
- (intransitive) to roar, to thunder
- (intransitive) to be famous, to be renowned
Inflection edit
References edit
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-duma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-duma”
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “duma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “duma (8.3)”