esperar
Asturian edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
esperar (first-person singular indicative present espero, past participle esperáu)
Conjugation edit
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [əs.pəˈɾa]
- IPA(key): (Valencian) [es.peˈɾaɾ]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
Verb edit
esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperí, past participle esperat); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /e/
Conjugation edit
infinitive | esperar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | esperant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | esperat | esperada | |||||
plural | esperats | esperades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | espero | esperes | espera | esperem | espereu | esperen | |
imperfect | esperava | esperaves | esperava | esperàvem | esperàveu | esperaven | |
future | esperaré | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperareu | esperaran | |
preterite | esperí | esperares | esperà | esperàrem | esperàreu | esperaren | |
conditional | esperaria | esperaries | esperaria | esperaríem | esperaríeu | esperarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | esperi | esperis | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | |
imperfect | esperés | esperessis | esperés | esperéssim | esperéssiu | esperessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | espera | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | |
negative (no) | — | no esperis | no esperi | no esperem | no espereu | no esperin |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “esperar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “esperar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese esperar (from 13th c.), inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)
Conjugation edit
1Less recommended.
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “esperar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
References edit
- “esperar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “esper” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “esperar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “esperar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “esperar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Ido edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Esperanto esperi, French espérer, Italian sperare, Spanish esperar, all from Latin spērō.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
esperar (present tense esperas, past tense esperis, future tense esperos, imperative esperez, conditional esperus)
- to hope
Conjugation edit
present | past | future | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | esperir | esperor | ||||
tense | esperas | esperis | esperos | ||||
conditional | esperus | ||||||
imperative | esperez | ||||||
adjective active participle | esperanta | esperinta | esperonta | ||||
adverbial active participle | esperante | esperinte | esperonte | ||||
nominal active participle | singular | esperanto | esperinto | esperonto | |||
plural | esperanti | esperinti | esperonti | ||||
adjective passive participle | esperata | esperita | esperota | ||||
adverbial passive participle | esperate | esperite | esperote | ||||
nominal passive participle | singular | esperato | esperito | esperoto | |||
plural | esperati | esperiti | esperoti |
Derived terms edit
- desesperigar (“to drive to despair; to dishearten, depress, despond”)
Occitan edit
Etymology edit
From Old Occitan esperar, inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Béarn) (file)
Verb edit
esperar
Conjugation edit
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperèri | esperères | esperèt | esperèrem | esperèretz | esperèron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperariái | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperon | |
imperfect | esperave | esperaves | esperava | esperaviam | esperaviatz | esperavon | |
preterite | esperere | espereres | esperet | esperem | esperetz | espereron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
conditional | esperariá | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperassiam | esperassiatz | esperon | |
imperfect | esperesse | esperesses | esperesse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperassiam | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperèi | esperès | esperè | esperèm | esperètz | esperèn | |
future | esperarèi | esperaràs | esperarà | esperaram | esperaratz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperarí | esperarés | esperaré | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | esperi | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperava | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperei | espereras | esperet | esperèram | esperèratz | espereran | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
conditional | esperariá | esperariàs | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperère | esperères | esperèt | espereriam | espereriatz | esperèron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperariáu | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Related terms edit
Old Spanish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
esperar
- to wait (for), await
- c. 1200, Almerich, La fazienda de ultramar, (published by Moshé Lazar, 1965, Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, page 211):
- En est logar dize Ysayas de Messias que esperan los Judios e non conoscen com es venido.
- In this place, Isaiah speaks of the Messiah whom the Jews await, and whom they don't know he [already] came.
- to hope, expect
- c. 1280, Alfonso X, General Estoria, tercera parte, (published by Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja and Bautista Horcajada Diezma, 1994, Madrid: Gredos):
- mientre fían en los ídolos, que son cosas sin entendimiento e sin alma, juran mal, e esperan que les non nozirá.
- While putting trust in idols, which are things without understanding nor soul, they wrongly make oaths and expect it will not harm them.
- to trust completely (in God)
- c. 1280, Alfonso X, General Estoria, tercera parte, (published by Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja and Bautista Horcajada Diezma, 1994, Madrid: Gredos):
- Toda palabra de Dios es escudo fecho con fuego para los que esperan en él.
- The word of God is a shield made of fire for those who trust in Him.
Descendants edit
References edit
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1984), “esperar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 740
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese esperar, inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)
- to wait
- (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to wait (for); to await
- Eu espero por sua resposta. ― I await your response.
- Fiquei esperando no carro. ― I waited in the car.
- Synonym: aguardar
- (transitive, auxiliary with a verb in the personal infinitive as the second object) to wait for (not to do anything until)
- Espere o João chegar. ― Wait for John to arrive.
- Synonym: aguardar
- (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to wait (for); to await
- to hope
- (transitive with por) to hope for (to really want something)
- Eles esperam pelo fim da guerra. ― They hope for the end of the war.
- (ditransitive, with the indirect object taking que and a verb in the present subjunctive) to hope (that) someone does something
- Eu espero que gostes do presente. ― I hope you like the gift.
- (auxiliary with a verb in the personal or impersonal infinitive) to hope something can be done
- Esperávamos comer alguma coisa hoje. ― We were hoping to eat something today.
- (transitive with por) to hope for (to really want something)
- (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to expect; to anticipate (to know or think that something will happen)
- É melhor do que eu esperava. ― It is better than I expected.
- Eu já esperava por isso mesmo. ― I was expecting this anyway.
- Synonym: aguardar
Conjugation edit
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Further reading edit
- “esperar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Spanish esperar, inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperé, past participle esperado)
- (transitive) to hope for, hope to (with a subjunctive or same-subject infinitive)
- Synonym: tener esperanza de que
- esperar con interés ― to look forward to, to eagerly await
- En vano esperaron mejores días. ― They hoped for better days in vain.
- Esperamos llegar a viejos juntos. ― We hope we'll grow old together.
- Ella espera ya estar casada cuando tenga treinta. ― She hopes she'll be already married when she's 30 years old.
- Espera que no sea necesario. ― He hopes it won't be necessary.
- (transitive) to expect (often with a verb in the indicative)
- Synonym: anticipar
- Ellos esperan encontrar muchas dificultades. ― They expect to come across many hardships.
- Esperamos un clima adverso mañana. ― We're expecting unfavourable weather tomorrow.
- Los estudiantes esperan que no será fácil el examen. ― The students expect the exam won't be easy.
- Los huéspedes esperan que les ayudaremos. ― The guests expect we'll help them.
- (intransitive or transitive) to wait, wait for, await (possibly with a + subjunctive)
- Por favor espera aquí. ― Please wait here.
- Te he esperado por media hora. ― I have waited for you for half an hour.
- Espero con ansias tu llegada. ― I am anxiously waiting for your arrival.
- ¡Espera a que la conozcas en persona! ― Wait till you meet her in person!
- Estamos esperando a que se suavice la lluvia. ― We're waiting for the rain to get less heavy.
- (intransitive, reflexive) to wait, to hold on (reflexive for emphatic use)
- ¡Espera! ¡Espérate tantito! ― Wait! Hold on for a sec!
- (reflexive, impersonal) to be expected
- Se espera que el huracán llegue mañana. ― The hurricane is expected to come tomorrow.
Conjugation edit
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “esperar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014