espionage

English

Etymology

Recorded since 1793, from French espionnage, from Middle French espionner (“to spy”), from Old French espion (“spy”), itself probably from a Germanic source (akin to Old High German spehon "spy"), possibly via Italian spione (from spia). More at spy

Pronunciation

Wikipedia

• IPA: /ˈɛs.pi.ə.nɑːʒ/, X-SAMPA: /"Es.pI.@.nA:Z/

'ĕs-pē-ŭ-näzh also Canadian -năzh; -nizh

Noun

espionage (countable and uncountable; plural espionages)

1. The act or process of learning secret information through clandestine means.

Synonyms

• spying

Derived terms

• counterespionage
• industrial espionage

Coordinate terms

• reconnaissance
• undercover

Translations

act of learning secret information through clandestine means

• Arabic: تجسس (ar) (tajássus) m, جاسوسية (ar) (jasusíyya) f
• Bulgarian: шпионаж (bg) (špionaž) m
• Catalan: espionatge (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 間諜活動 (cmn), 间谍活动 (cmn) (jiàndié huódòng)

• Czech: špionáž (cs) f
• Danish: spionage (da) c
• Dutch: spionage (nl)
• Esperanto: spionado (eo)
• Finnish: vakoilu (fi)
• French: espionnage (fr) m
• Georgian: შპიონაჟი (ka) (špionaži), აგენტურა (ka) (agentura)
• German: Spionage (de) f
• Greek: κατασκοπεία (el) (kataskopeía) f

• Hebrew: ריגול (he) (rigol)
• Hindi: जासूसी (hi) (jāsūsī)
• Hungarian: kémkedés (hu)
• Italian: spionaggio (it) m
• Japanese: スパイ行為 (ja) (supai-kōi)
• Norwegian: spionasje m
• Persian: جاسوسی (fa) (jâsusi)
• Polish: szpiegostwo (pl) n, wywiad (pl) m
• Russian: шпионаж (ru) (špionáž) m
• Serbo-Croatian: špijunáža (sh) f
• Spanish: espionaje (es) m
• Thai: จารกรรม (th) (jaa-rá-gam)
• Urdu: جاسوسی (ur) (jāsūsī)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

• Japanese:

  kanji: 諜報活動

  hiragana: ちょうほうかつどう

  romaji: chōhō katsudō

• Korean:

  hangul: 간첩, 간첩행위

  romaja: gancheob, gancheophaengwi

• Latin: speculatio
• Portuguese: espionagem
• Turkish: casusluk