essen
Alemannic German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old High German ezzan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną. Cognate with German essen, Dutch eten, English eat, Swedish äta.
Verb edit
essen
References edit
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
essen
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan, from Proto-West Germanic *etan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.
Cognate with Low German eten, Dutch eten, English eat, Danish æde, Norwegian ete, Swedish äta, Yiddish עסן (esn) and Gothic 𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (itan). Non-Germanic cognates include Latin edō, Russian есть (jestʹ), Scottish Gaelic ith.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈɛsən/, [ˈʔɛsn̩]
audio (Germany) (file) audio (Germany) (file) audio (Austria) (file) - Rhymes: -ɛsən
Verb edit
essen (class 5 strong, third-person singular present isst, past tense aß, past participle gegessen, past subjunctive äße, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to eat
- Er isst gern Schokolade.
- He likes eating chocolate.
- Ich esse einen Apfel.
- I am eating an apple.
- (intransitive) to eat; to dine
- Wir haben noch nicht gegessen.
- We have not eaten yet.
- Sie haben immer vor 9 Uhr abends gegessen.
- They always ate before 9 o’clock in the evening.
Usage notes edit
- In obsolete usage, the past participle was frequently gessen, which is still used in Austria.
Conjugation edit
infinitive | essen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | essend | ||||
past participle | gegessen | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich esse | wir essen | i | ich esse | wir essen |
du isst | ihr esst | du essest | ihr esset | ||
er isst | sie essen | er esse | sie essen | ||
preterite | ich aß | wir aßen | ii | ich äße1 | wir äßen1 |
du aßest du aßt |
ihr aßt | du äßest1 du äßt1 |
ihr äßet1 ihr äßt1 | ||
er aß | sie aßen | er äße1 | sie äßen1 | ||
imperative | iss (du) | esst (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- auswärts essen — to eat out
- essbar
- Esser
- essgestört
- zu Mittag essen — to have lunch
- zu Abend essen — to have dinner, to have tea (Br.)
- Ess-Brech-Sucht
- Esslöffel m
- Essstäbchen pl
- Essstörung
- Esstisch m
- Esssucht
- Esszimmer n
Related terms edit
- Essen n
Further reading edit
Hungarian edit
Alternative forms edit
- essék (archaic, today mostly in fixed phrases)
Etymology edit
From the es- stem of esik + -jen.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
essen
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
essen n or m
Swedish edit
Noun edit
essen