establir
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin stabilīre. Cognates include Occitan establir, French établir, Italian stabilire, and archaic Spanish establir.
Verb edit
establir (first-person singular present estableixo, first-person singular preterite establí, past participle establert or establit)
Conjugation edit
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “establir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “establir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “establir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “establir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Occitan edit
Etymology edit
From Old Occitan establir, from Latin stabilīre, present active infinitive of stabiliō.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Béarn) (file)
Verb edit
establir
- to establish
Conjugation edit
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | establir | ?er establit | |||||
past participle | establit | — | |||||
gerund | establissent | ?ent establit | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | establissi | establisses | establís | establissèm | establissètz | establisson | |
imperfect | establissiái | establissiás | establissiá | establissiam | establissiatz | establissián | |
preterite | establiguèri | establiguères | establiguèt | establiguèrem | establiguèretz | establiguèron | |
future | establirai | establiràs | establirà | establirem | establiretz | establiràn | |
conditional | establiriái | establiriás | establiriá | establiriam | establiriatz | establirián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | establiguèra | establiguèras | establiguèra | establigueram | establigueratz | establiguèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | establisca | establiscas | establisca | establiscam | establiscatz | establiscan | |
imperfect | establiguèsse | establiguèsses | establiguèsse | establiguèssem | establiguèssetz | establiguèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
establís | establiscam | establissetz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects |
Derived terms edit
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Latin stabilīre, present active infinitive of stabiliō. Cognates include Italian stabilire.
Verb edit
establir
- to establish
- c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland:
- Apres les dous establisent la terce
- After the first two, they established a third
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | establir | avoir establi | |||||
gerund | en establissant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | establissant | ||||||
past participle | establi | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | establis | establis | establist | establissons | establissez | establissent |
imperfect | establissoie, establisseie | establissoies, establisseies | establissoit, establisseit | establissiiens, establissiens | establissiiez, establissiez | establissoient, establisseient | |
preterite | establi | establis | establi | establimes | establistes | establirent | |
future | establirai | establiras | establira | establirons | establiroiz, establireiz, establirez | establiront | |
conditional | establiroie, establireie | establiroies, establireies | establiroit, establireit | establiriiens, establiriens | establiriiez, establiriez | establiroient, establireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | establisse | establisses | establisse | establissons | establissez | establissent |
imperfect | establisse | establisses | establist | establissons, establissiens | establissoiz, establissez, establissiez | establissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | establis | — | establissons | establissez | — |
Descendants edit
- French: établir
- Norman: êtablyi
- → Middle English: establen
- Scots: estabill
- → Middle English: stablen, stable, stabli, stabelen, stabile, stabilen, stabil, stabille, stabul, stabulle (e- elided)
- → Middle English: establissen, establishen (via stem form establiss-)
- English: establish
- → Scots: estaiblish
- Scots: establis, establish
- English: establish
- → Middle English: stablishen (via stem form establiss-, e- elided)
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin stabilīre. Cognates include Occitan establir, French établir and Italian stabilire.
Verb edit
establir (first-person singular present establo, first-person singular preterite establí, past participle establido)
Conjugation edit
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Further reading edit
- “establir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014