forger

English

Etymology

From Middle English forger, forgere, from Old French forgiere; equivalent to forge +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)dʒə(ɹ)

Noun

forger (plural forgers)

1. A person who creates forgeries, falsifies documents with intent to defraud, e.g. to create a false will or illicit copies of currency; counterfeiter.
2. A person who forges metals.

Related terms

• forgery

Translations

person who creates forgeries, falsifies documents with intent to defraud; counterfeiter

• Armenian: կեղծարար (hy) (keġcarar)
• Bulgarian: фалшифика́тор (bg) m (falšifikátor)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 偽造者／伪造者 (zh) (wèizàozhě)

• Czech: padělatel (cs) m
• Danish: forfalsker c
• Dutch: vervalser (nl) m
• Finnish: väärentäjä (fi)
• French: faussaire (fr) m or f
• German: Fälscher (de) m, Fälscherin (de) f
• Hebrew: זַיְפָן (he) m (zayfán)
• Hungarian: hamisító (hu)
• Italian: falsario (it) m, falsaria f
• Japanese: 偽造者 (ぎぞうしゃ, gizōsha)
• Korean: 위조자(僞造者) (ko) (wijoja)
• Latin: falsārius m
• Middle English: forger
• Polish: fałszerz (pl) m, fałszerka f
• Portuguese: forjador m, forjadora f, falsificador m, falsificadora f
• Russian: фальсифика́тор (ru) m (falʹsifikátor), подде́лыватель (ru) m (poddélyvatelʹ), фальшивомоне́тчик (ru) m (falʹšivomonétčik)
• Spanish: falsario (es) m, falsaria f, falsificador m, falsificadora (es) f

person who forges metals

• Bulgarian: кова́ч (bg) m (kováč)
• Finnish: väärentäjä (fi)
• French: forgeron (fr) m, forgeronne (fr) f
• German: Schmied (de) m, Schmiedin (de) f
• Ingrian: takoja
• Latgalian: kaļvs m
• Latvian: kalējs (lv) m
• Middle English: forger
• Portuguese: forjador m, forjadora f
• Russian: кузне́ц (ru) m (kuznéc), кова́ль (ru) m (koválʹ) (regional or dated)
• Spanish: forjador m, forjadora (es) f

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French forger, forgier, from Latin fabricāre. Doublet of fabriquer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɔʁ.ʒe/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

forger

1. to fashion metal with fire and a hammer, to forge
2. to forge, falsify
3. (figuratively) to create, to conceive, to make up
   1. to coin (a word or phrase)
4. (equestrianism) to trot

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written forge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of forger (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	forger
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	forgeant /fɔʁ.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		forgé /fɔʁ.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	forge /fɔʁʒ/	forges /fɔʁʒ/	forge /fɔʁʒ/	forgeons /fɔʁ.ʒɔ̃/	forgez /fɔʁ.ʒe/	forgent /fɔʁʒ/
	imperfect	forgeais /fɔʁ.ʒɛ/	forgeais /fɔʁ.ʒɛ/	forgeait /fɔʁ.ʒɛ/	forgions /fɔʁ.ʒjɔ̃/	forgiez /fɔʁ.ʒje/	forgeaient /fɔʁ.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	forgeai /fɔʁ.ʒe/	forgeas /fɔʁ.ʒa/	forgea /fɔʁ.ʒa/	forgeâmes /fɔʁ.ʒam/	forgeâtes /fɔʁ.ʒat/	forgèrent /fɔʁ.ʒɛʁ/
	future	forgerai /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁe/	forgeras /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁa/	forgera /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁa/	forgerons /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/	forgerez /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁe/	forgeront /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	forgerais /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	forgerais /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	forgerait /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	forgerions /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	forgeriez /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁje/	forgeraient /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	forge /fɔʁʒ/	forges /fɔʁʒ/	forge /fɔʁʒ/	forgions /fɔʁ.ʒjɔ̃/	forgiez /fɔʁ.ʒje/	forgent /fɔʁʒ/
	imperfect2	forgeasse /fɔʁ.ʒas/	forgeasses /fɔʁ.ʒas/	forgeât /fɔʁ.ʒa/	forgeassions /fɔʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	forgeassiez /fɔʁ.ʒa.sje/	forgeassent /fɔʁ.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	forge /fɔʁʒ/	—	forgeons /fɔʁ.ʒɔ̃/	forgez /fɔʁ.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• c’est en forgeant qu’on devient forgeron
• forgeron

Related terms

• forge

Further reading

• “forger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Middle English

Alternative forms

• forgar, forgere, forgeour

Etymology

From Old French forgiere; equivalent to forgen +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɔːrd͡ʒər(ə)/, /fɔːrˈd͡ʒeːr/, /fɔr-/, /foːr-/

Noun

forger (plural forgers)

1. creator, maker, fabricator
2. (rare) metalworker, smith

Descendants

• English: forger

References

• “fō̆rǧer, -ēr, -eǒur, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Old French

Etymology

From Latin fabrico.

Verb

forger

1. Alternative form of forgier

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of forger (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		forger			avoir forgé
gerund		en forjant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		forjant
past participle		forgé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	forge	forges	forge	forjons	forgez	forgent
	imperfect	forjoie, forgeie, forjoe, forgeve	forjoies, forgeies, forjoes, forgeves	forjoit, forgeit, forjot, forgeve	forgiiens, forgiens	forgiiez, forgiez	forjoient, forgeient, forjoent, forgevent
	preterite	forjai	forjas	forja	forjames	forjastes	forgerent
	future	forgerai	forgeras	forgera	forgerons	forgeroiz, forgereiz, forgerez	forgeront
	conditional	forgeroie, forgereie	forgeroies, forgereies	forgeroit, forgereit	forgeriiens, forgeriens	forgeriiez, forgeriez	forgeroient, forgereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	forge	forges	forge	forjons	forgez	forgent
	imperfect	forjasse	forjasses	forjast	forgissons, forgissiens	forgissoiz, forgissez, forgissiez	forjassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	forge	—	forjons	forgez	—