frenum
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin frēnum (“bridle, curb, bit”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
frenum (plural frena or frenums)
Derived terms edit
- frenal (adjective)
References edit
- “frenum”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- “frenum”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *frēnom, from earlier *θrēnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Cognates include ferē, fermē and firmus.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfreː.num/, [ˈfreːnʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfre.num/, [ˈfrɛːnum]
Noun edit
frēnum n (genitive frēnī); second declension
- bridle, harness, curb, bit
- 65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca Minor, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium. Epistle XLI:
- Nōn faciunt meliōrem equum aureī frēnī.
- Golden bridles do not make a better horse.
- Nōn faciunt meliōrem equum aureī frēnī.
- circumagere frēnīs equōs ― to reverse the direction of horses by the bridle
- addere frēna equīs ― to add the bridles to the horses
- (transferred sense):
Inflection edit
Second-declension noun (neuter or otherwise).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | frēnum | frēna frēnī |
Genitive | frēnī | frēnōrum |
Dative | frēnō | frēnīs |
Accusative | frēnum | frēna frēnōs |
Ablative | frēnō | frēnīs |
Vocative | frēnum | frēna frēnī |
- Nominative plural is mostly frēnī with frēna occurring more in poets.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Descendants of frenum in other languages
References edit
- “frenum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “frenum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- frenum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) with loose reins: freno remisso; effusis habenis
- (ambiguous) with loose reins: freno remisso; effusis habenis
- “frenum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “frenum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- Dizionario Latino, Olivetti