frost
English edit
Alternative forms edit
- froste (obsolete)
Etymology edit
From Middle English frost, from an unmetathesized variant of Old English forst (“frost”), from Proto-Germanic *frustaz (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *prews- (“to freeze; frost”). Cognate with West Frisian froast (“frost”), Dutch vorst (“frost”), German Frost (“frost”), Swedish frost (“frost”), Norwegian frost (“frost”), Icelandic frost (“frost”), Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost, rime, snow”). Related to freeze.
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /fɹɒst/
- (General American) IPA(key): /fɹɔst/
- (cot–caught merger, Canada) IPA(key): /fɹɑst/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒst, -ɔːst
Noun edit
frost (countable and uncountable, plural frosts)
- A cover of minute ice crystals on objects that are exposed to the air. Frost is formed by the same process as dew, except that the temperature of the frosted object is below freezing.
- The cold weather that causes these ice crystals to form.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 31:40:
- Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes.
- 1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 47:
- It is more probable, in almost every country of Europe, that there will be frost sometime in January, than that the weather will continue open throughout that whole month;
- (figurative) Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character.
- 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:
- It was one of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow-wreath.
- (obsolete) The act of freezing; the congelation of water or other liquid.
- A shade of white, like that of frost.
- frost:
- (slang, dated) A disappointment; a cheat.
- (television) A kind of light diffuser.
- 2013, Alan Bermingham, Location Lighting for Television, pages 9–26:
- Frosts and diffusion are flame retardant and produce similar results except that some of the frosts are very subtle in their effects. For example: Hamburg Frost will soften the beam edge with little additional spread of the beam.
Derived terms edit
- black frost
- degree of frost
- frost-bearer
- frostbite
- frostbitten
- frost-blite
- frostbound
- frost burn
- frost fair
- frost faire
- frost flower
- frost giant
- frost grape
- frost heave
- frost heaving
- frost hollow
- frost lamp
- frost line
- frost moon
- frost nail
- frost-nail
- frost piece
- frost pocket
- frostproof
- frost quake
- frost smoke
- frost-tender
- frost up
- frost-worked
- frosty
- ground frost
- hoar-frost
- hoar frost, hoarfrost
- Jack Frost
- permafrost
- silver frost
- uremic frost
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb edit
frost (third-person singular simple present frosts, present participle frosting, simple past and past participle frosted)
- (transitive) To cover with frost.
- (intransitive) To become covered with frost.
- (transitive) To coat (something, e.g. a cake) with icing to resemble frost.
- (transitive, informal) To anger or annoy.
- I think the boss's decision frosted him a bit.
- (transitive) To sharpen (the points of a horse's shoe) to prevent it from slipping on ice.
- (transitive) To bleach individual strands of hair while leaving adjacent strands untouched.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Anagrams edit
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
frost c (singular definite frosten, not used in plural form)
Declension edit
common gender |
Singular | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | |
nominative | frost | frosten |
genitive | frosts | frostens |
References edit
- “frost” in Den Danske Ordbog
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
frost n (genitive singular frosts, nominative plural frost)
Declension edit
See also edit
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English frost, forst, from Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustaz, *frustą; akin to Middle Dutch vorst, Middle High German vrost, Middle Low German vrost, and Old Swedish frost.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
frost (plural frostes)
- Cold or freezing weather; weather causing frost.
- Frost or rime; frozen dew or water droplets.
- Hail; precipitation below freezing temperature.
- (rare, figurative) Something with a chilling effect.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “frost, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-10-31.
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
frost m (definite singular frosten)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “frost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
frost m (definite singular frosten)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “frost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old High German edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old Norse frost.
Noun edit
frost m
Declension edit
case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | frost | frosta |
accusative | frost | frosta |
genitive | frostes | frosto |
dative | froste | frostum |
instrumental | frostu | — |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old High German frost.
Noun edit
frost n
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: frost
- Faroese: frost, frostur m (masculine is archaic)
- Norwegian: frost
- Old Swedish: frost
- Swedish: frost
- Danish: frost
References edit
- “frost”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz.
Pronunciation edit
audio (file)
Noun edit
frost c
Declension edit
Declension of frost | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | frost | frosten | — | — |
Genitive | frosts | frostens | — | — |