gérer
French edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
gérer
- to manage
- (slang) to rule, to rock (to excel)
- J'ai réussi avec grande distinction. - Excellent! Tu gères!
- I passed with distinction. - Excellent! You rule!
Conjugation edit
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written gérer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written gèrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
| infinitive | simple | gérer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | gérant /ʒe.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | géré /ʒe.ʁe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gère /ʒɛʁ/ |
gères /ʒɛʁ/ |
gère /ʒɛʁ/ |
gérons /ʒe.ʁɔ̃/ |
gérez /ʒe.ʁe/ |
gèrent /ʒɛʁ/ |
| imperfect | gérais /ʒe.ʁɛ/ |
gérais /ʒe.ʁɛ/ |
gérait /ʒe.ʁɛ/ |
gérions /ʒe.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gériez /ʒe.ʁje/ |
géraient /ʒe.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gérai /ʒe.ʁe/ |
géras /ʒe.ʁa/ |
géra /ʒe.ʁa/ |
gérâmes /ʒe.ʁam/ |
gérâtes /ʒe.ʁat/ |
gérèrent /ʒe.ʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | gèrerai or gérerai /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁe/ |
gèreras or géreras /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁa/ |
gèrera or gérera /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁa/ |
gèrerons or gérerons /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
gèrerez or gérerez /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁe/ |
gèreront or géreront /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gèrerais or gérerais /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
gèrerais or gérerais /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
gèrerait or gérerait /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
gèrerions or gérerions /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gèreriez or géreriez /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁje/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁje/ |
gèreraient or géreraient /ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ʒe.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gère /ʒɛʁ/ |
gères /ʒɛʁ/ |
gère /ʒɛʁ/ |
gérions /ʒe.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gériez /ʒe.ʁje/ |
gèrent /ʒɛʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | gérasse /ʒe.ʁas/ |
gérasses /ʒe.ʁas/ |
gérât /ʒe.ʁa/ |
gérassions /ʒe.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
gérassiez /ʒe.ʁa.sje/ |
gérassent /ʒe.ʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gère /ʒɛʁ/ |
— | gérons /ʒe.ʁɔ̃/ |
gérez /ʒe.ʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading edit
- “gérer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.