grūts
See also: Gruts
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Baltic *grūtas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷru-to-s, from the stem *gʷréh₂us. Cognates include Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐍃 (kaurjōs) (plural), Sanskrit गुरुः (gurúḥ), Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús) (< *gʷerù-), Latin brūtus (< *gʷru-), gravis (< *gʷrəu-).[1]
Pronunciation edit
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Adjective edit
grūts (definite grūtais, comparative grūtāks, superlative visgrūtākais, adverb grūti)
- tough, arduous, difficult (which needs great physical force, great physical strain to be carried out)
- grūts darbs ― tough, hard work
- grūts ceļojums ― arduous journey
- izcīnīt grūtu uzvaru ― to win a difficult victory
- aiz krūmiem darbs bija grūtāks ― behind the bushes the work was harder
- difficult, tough, hard, complicated (which needs great mental effort for its realization, solution, acquisition or disposition)
- grūts eksāmens ― a difficult exam
- grūts jautājums ― a tough question
- grūts aritmētikas uzdevums ― a difficult arithmetic problem
- grūts dzejolis ― a difficult poem
- grūta izvēle ― a difficult choice
- māte neatbildēja; zinātkārīgā puisēna jautājums varbūt viņai bija par grūtu ― the mother didn't answer; the curious boy's question was maybe too difficult for her
- difficult (which involves some unpleasant experience or unpleasant feelings for its realization)
- grūta saruna ― a difficult conversation
- grūta atzīšanās ― a difficult confession
- nezinu, tas laikam ir pats grūtākais: būt vienaldzīgam, izlikties, ka visu jau zini arī tad, kad tavā priekšā atklājas pilnīgi jauna pasaule ― I don't know, maybe this is the most difficult: to be indifferent, to pretend that you know everything already, when right in front of you a whole new world opens up
- difficult, hard, tough (involving hard work, complicated or embarrassing circumstances, hardships, conflicts, etc.)
- grūti mājas apstākļi ― difficult home circumstances
- grūta nedēļa ― difficult week
- pārdzīvot grūtus gadus ― to survive difficult years
- mēs zinām, ka šis ir grūts laiks, ļoti grūts laiks gan karavīriem frontē, gan jums ― we know that these are difficult times, very difficult times, both for the soldiers at the front and for you
- difficult, hard, tough, heavy (causing or expressing suffering, emotional distress)
- grūti pārdzīvojumi ― difficult experiences
- grūtas nopūtas ― heavy sighs
- ar grūtu, smagu sirdi ― with a heavy heart (= in a sad, depressed mood)
- tikai pēc laba brīža Līzbete attapās no grūtām, grūtām domām un izdvesa gari stieptā nopūtā ― only after a good (= long) moment Līzbete recovered from her difficult, hard thoughts and let out a long sigh
- difficult, hard, tough (involving strong physical pain, debilitation, or other negative physical conditions)
- grūta slimība ― difficult, hard disease
- grūta operācija ― difficult operation, surgery
- slimnieka stāvoklis bija grūts ― the patient's condition was difficult
- purva smaka padarīja elpu grūtu ― the swamp smell made breathing difficult
- taču dzemdības izrādījās ļoti grūtas, ar visādām komplikācijām ― but the birth turned out to be very difficult, with all kinds of complications
- (of feelings, memories) difficult (having gaps; incomplete)
- grūta atmiņa ― difficult memory (= difficult to remember)
- grūta galva ― difficult head (= person prone to forgetting, not good at understanding)
- (colloquial) pregnant
- Ieva tapa grūta un dzemdēja ― Ieva became pregnant and gave birth
- būt uz grūtām kājām ― to be on heavy feet (= to be pregnant)
Declension edit
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of grūts
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | grūts | grūti | grūta | grūtas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | grūtu | grūtus | grūtu | grūtas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | grūta | grūtu | grūtas | grūtu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | grūtam | grūtiem | grūtai | grūtām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | grūtu | grūtiem | grūtu | grūtām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | grūtā | grūtos | grūtā | grūtās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “grūts”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN