graven

See also: Graven

English

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -eɪvən

Etymology 1

From Middle English graven, igraven, from Old English grafen, ġegrafen, from Proto-Germanic *grabanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig, trench”).

Verb

graven

1. past participle of grave
   • 1872, James De Mille, The Cryptogram‎^[1], HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2009:

     Deep lines were graven on her pale forehead, and on her wan, thin cheeks.

Adjective

graven (not comparable)

1. carved, engraved
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 20:4:

     Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image.

Derived terms

• graven image

Translations

Translations

• Dutch: gegraveerd (nl)
• Hebrew: מפוסל m (mefusál), מגולף m (meguláf), טבוע m (tavúa)
• Irish: grábháilte, greanta

Etymology 2

From graven (adjective) above.

Verb

graven (third-person singular simple present gravens, present participle gravening, simple past and past participle gravened)

1. (transitive, archaic) To make graven or engraved
   • 1786, Thomas Doolittle, A treatise concerning the Lord's Supper:

     I saw I was not only gravened upon the palms of his hands, or set as a seal upon his arm, but I was pourtrayed upon his heart.

Etymology 3

From grave (adjective) +‎ -en.

Verb

graven (third-person singular simple present gravens, present participle gravening, simple past and past participle gravened)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To make or become grave (serious or sombre)
   • 2012, Samuel W Herbert, Avenue:

     Whatever it was that had cast a dark shadow and gravened the faces of those normally ebullient people was much too complicated for me to understand.

Catalan

Verb

graven

1. third-person plural present indicative of gravar

Danish

Noun

graven c

1. definite singular of grav

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣraː.və(n)/

• (file)

• Hyphenation: gra‧ven
• Rhymes: -aːvən
• Homophone: Graven

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch grāven, from Old Dutch gravan, from Proto-West Germanic *graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.

Verb

graven

1. (transitive or intransitive) To dig physically.
2. To search for information.

Inflection

Inflection of graven (strong class 6)
infinitive	graven
past singular	groef
past participle	gegraven
infinitive	graven
gerund	graven n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	graaf	groef
2nd person sing. (jij)	graaft	groef
2nd person sing. (u)	graaft	groef
2nd person sing. (gij)	graaft	groeft
3rd person singular	graaft	groef
plural	graven	groeven
subjunctive sing.1	grave	groeve
subjunctive plur.1	graven	groeven
imperative sing.	graaf
imperative plur.1	graaft
participles	gravend	gegraven
1) Archaic.

Synonyms

• delven
• spitten

Derived terms

• aangraven
• afgraven
• begraven
• diepgraven
• doorgraven
• gegraaf
• graafbaar
• graafijzer
• graafmachine
• graafwesp
• graver
• ingraven
• omgraven
• ondergraven
• ontgraven
• opengraven
• opgraven
• uitgraven
• vergraven
• weggraven

Related terms

• graf

Descendants

• Afrikaans: graaf
• Jersey Dutch: xrâve
• Negerhollands: graav, graev

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

graven

1. plural of graf

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

graven

1. plural of graaf

Anagrams

• vragen

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch gravan.

Verb

grāven

1. To dig.
2. To bury.

Inflection

Strong class 6
Infinitive	grāven
3rd sg. past	groef
3rd pl. past	groeven
Past participle	gegrāven
Infinitive	grāven
In genitive	grāvens
In dative	grāvene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	grāve	groef
2nd singular	grāefs, grāves	groefs, groeves
3rd singular	grāeft, grāvet	groef
1st plural	grāven	groeven
2nd plural	grāeft, grāvet	groeft, groevet
3rd plural	grāven	groeven
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	grāve	groeve
2nd singular	grāefs, grāves	groeves
3rd singular	grāve	groeve
1st plural	grāven	groeven
2nd plural	grāeft, grāvet	groevet
3rd plural	grāven	groeven
Imperative	Present
Singular	graf, grāef, grāve
Plural	grāeft, grāvet
	Present	Past
Participle	grāvende	gegrāven

Descendants

• Dutch: graven
  • Afrikaans: graaf
  • Jersey Dutch: xrâve
  • Negerhollands: graav, graev
• Limburgish: grave

Further reading

• “graven”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “graven (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Alternative forms

• grafe, grave, gravyn

Etymology

From Old English grafan, from Proto-West Germanic *graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡraːvən/

Verb

graven

1. To dig or excavate:
   1. To bury, especially to inhume or entomb.
   2. To dig up the ground (for agriculture, excavation, etc.)
   3. (rare) To dig into one's hands.
2. To carve or adorn:
   1. To carve or engrave (with inscriptions or carvings)
   2. To sculpt; to carve with a chisel.
   3. To adorn with precious metal.
3. (figurative) To impress deeply on the mind.
   • c. 1380s, [Geoffrey Chaucer, William Caxton, editor], The Double Sorow of Troylus to Telle Kyng Pryamus Sone of Troye [...] [Troilus and Criseyde], [Westminster]: Explicit per Caxton, published 1482, →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], book IV, [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

     With gold, men may the herte grave.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of graven (strong class 6 or weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) graven, grave
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	grave	grof, graved
2nd-person singular	gravest	grove, grof, gravedest
3rd-person singular	graveth	grof, graved
subjunctive singular	grave	grove1, graved1
imperative singular		—
plural2	graven, grave	groven, grove, graveden, gravede
imperative plural	graveth, grave	—
participles	gravynge, gravende	graven, grave, graved, ygraven, ygrave, ygraved

¹Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
²Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

• grave
• gravere

Descendants

• English: grave (obsolete)
  • ⇒ English: engrave
• Scots: grave

References

• “grāven, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• grava

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡrɑːʋn̩/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːʋn̩
• Hyphenation: grav‧en

Noun

graven m or f

1. definite masculine singular of grav

Noun

graven m

1. definite singular of grave

Spanish

Verb

graven

1. inflection of gravar:
   1. third-person plural present subjunctive
   2. third-person plural imperative

Swedish

Noun

graven

1. definite singular of grav

Anagrams

• vargen