hajduk
English edit
Etymology edit
From Hungarian hajdúk, plural of hajdú (“foot-soldier”). The Hungarian word may derive from hajtó which meant “(cattle) drover”. In 16th century Hungary, cattle driving was an important and dangerous occupation and drovers traveled armed. Some of them ended up as bandits or retainers in the service of local landowners and many may have become soldiers. In any case, the term hajduk came to be used in the 16th century to describe irregular soldiers. There is probably an etymological link between hajdú and the Turkish word haydut which was used by the Ottomans to describe Hungarian infantry soldiers and has the sense 'outlaw, robber' in modern Turkish usage, though it is not clear whether the word travelled from Hungarian to Turkish or vice versa.
Noun edit
hajduk (plural hajduks)
- (historical) An outlaw, highwayman, or freedom fighter in the Balkans.
- (archaic) A mercenary foot soldier in Hungary.
- (historical) A halberdier of a Hungarian noble.
- (historical) An attendant in German or Hungarian courts.
Alternative forms edit
A large number of forms are attested, many influenced by the spellings which languages other than Hungarian used. The three most common forms are hayduk, hajduk and haiduk. In order from (roughly) most common to least common, other attested forms include:
Translations edit
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Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Hungarian hajdúk.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hajduk m pers (diminutive hajduczek)
- (historical) hajduk (outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans)
- (historical) hajduk (mercenary foot soldier in Hungary)
- (historical) hajduk (attendant in German or Hungarian courts)
Declension edit
Noun edit
hajduk m inan
- hajdútánc (traditional Hungarian male dance, akin to war dances)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hàjdūk m (Cyrillic spelling ха̀јдӯк)
Declension edit
Slovak edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hajduk m anim
Further reading edit
- “hajduk”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024