haka
English edit
Etymology edit
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Borrowed from Maori haka, from Proto-Polynesian *saka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakaŋ. The word is cognate with Hawaiian haʻa (“dance”), Mangarevan ʻaka (“to perform a traditional dance; a usually warlike dance accompanied by a chant”), Rarotongan ʻaka (“dance”), Samoan saʻa (“dance”), Tokelauan haka (“dance”), Tongan haka (“hand action made while singing”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈhɑːkə/, /ˈhæ-/
Audio (Southern England, /ˈhæ-/) (file)
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈhɑkə/, /ˈhæ-/
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈhaka/, /ˈhaːka/
- Rhymes: -ɑːkə, -ækə
- Homophone: Hakka (in some dialects)
- Hyphenation: ha‧ka
Noun edit
haka (plural hakas or haka)
- A group dance of New Zealand's Maori people featuring rhythmic chanting, vigorous facial and arm movements, and foot stamping. Traditionally a war dance, today it is also performed to welcome guests, as a mark of respect at occasions such as commemorations and funerals, as a challenge to opposing teams at sports events, and for artistic purposes.
- 1838, J[oel] S[amuel] Polack, chapter III, in New Zealand: Being a Narrative of Travels and Adventures during a Residence in that Country between the Years 1831 and 1837. [...] In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street, publisher in ordinary to Her Majesty, →OCLC, page 81:
- After each of my retinue were presented to the chief, partaking of the honour of the ougi, or salutation, the hákà, or dance of welcome, was performed; this was commenced by our entertainers, who placed themselves in an extended line, in ranks four deep. This dance, to a stranger witnessing it for the first time, is calculated to excite the most alarming fears; […]
- 1876 January, “A Week among the Maoris of Lake Taupo”, in The Cornhill Magazine, volume XXXIII, number 193, London: Smith, Elder & Co., 15 Waterloo Place, →OCLC, page 65:
- A "Haka" is the native dance, answering to the corroboree of the Australian aboriginals, and we were anxious to see it. […] Later in the evening, however, the complaisant Herekiekie entertained a small and select party at a "Haka" in his "whare" or house (pronounced wharry). It was exactly what I expected. The performers, all male, stood in a row, one, slightly advanced, acting as fugleman. They shouted and gesticulated with the most hideous and revolting gestures, grimaces, and yells.
- 1986, Sylvia Ashton-Warner, “Life in a Maori School”, in Teacher (A Touchstone Book), 1st Touchstone edition, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, pages 198 and 200:
- [T]he children might get up and dance in the middle of their sums. Matawhero might stand up and lead a haka if I'm not careful. Oh dear.
- 2011 October 23, Tom Fordyce, “2011 Rugby World Cup Final: New Zealand 8 – 7 France”, in BBC Sport[1], archived from the original on 3 April 2017:
- An already febrile atmosphere within the ground before the start had been stoked still further when France's players formed an arrow formation to face down the haka, and then advanced slowly over halfway as the capacity crowd roared.
- 2013, Matt J. Rossano, “Mountain Rituals”, in Mortal Rituals: What the Story of the Andes Survivors Tells Us about Human Evolution, New York, N.Y., Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, pages 105–106:
- The Maori haka ritual has been made famous by the All Blacks, New Zealand's national rugby team. Before each match, the All Blacks face their opponents and engage in a synchronized display of hand-slapping, feet-stomping, chest-pumping, tongue-wagging, and eye-popping chanting and dancing designed to intimidate their opponents. The All Blacks' version of the haka is called ka-mate, a war haka or peruperu. […] But hakas are not restricted to war; they are also used as a welcome to strangers, as part of a funeral, or as part of various celebrations and ceremonies.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
group dance of New Zealand's Maori people
|
Verb edit
haka (third-person singular simple present hakas, present participle hakaing, simple past and past participle hakaed)
- (intransitive) To perform the haka.
- 1870, Richard Taylor, “Traditions and Legends. (Continued.) [The Story of Tama te Kapua, and His Brother Wakaturia.]”, in Te Ika a Maui; or, New Zealand and Its Inhabitants. Illustrating the Origin, Manners, Customs, Mythology, Religion, Rites, Songs, Proverbs, Fables, and Language of the Maori and Polynesian Races in General; together with the Geology, Natural History, Productions, and Climate of the Country, 2nd edition, London: William Macintosh, 24, Paternoster Row; Wanganui, New Zealand: H. Ireson Jones, →OCLC, page 274:
- [T]hey hoisted him up to the ridge pole and lighted the fire; they began to haka, when they were tired of that they sang songs, […]
- 1888, John White, “Hotu-nui. (Nga-ti-maru.)”, in The Ancient History of the Maori, His Mythology and Traditions. Tai-Nui, volume IV, Wellington: By authority; George Didsbury, government printer, →OCLC, pages 213–214:
- [page 213] The haka is one of the Maori's most honourable games that can be performed to entertain strangers; and when such is played it is a sign of a people of chiefs and days of peace. The people played this game to her that Te-kahu-rere-moa might haka and entertain them, that they might see how beautifully she could haka. […] [page 214] She hakaed for some time, and all the people were quite in love with her.
- 2011, Glyn Harper, editor, Letters from Gallipoli: New Zealand Soldiers Write Home[2], Auckland: Auckland University Press, →ISBN:
- We captured the trenches midst our hakas and cheering. The other party did well, we could hear them on the opposite hill cheering, and hakaing as they went along.
Translations edit
to perform the haka
Further reading edit
haka on Wikipedia.Wikipedia - haka (sports) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams edit
'Are'are edit
Noun edit
haka
References edit
- Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
haka f
- haka (dance of New Zealand's Maori people featuring rhythmic chanting, vigorous facial and arm movements, and foot stamping.)
- 2015 September 22, Pavel Jahoda, “Nejenom haka straší na MS soupeře. K vidění jsou i sipi tau či bole”, in ČT sport[3]:
- Haka k Novému Zélandu a některým jeho sportovním týmům neodmyslitelně patří, ale nejznámější je ve spojení právě s ragby. Sport známý svou tvrdostí získává slavným tancem, při němž hráči používají všemožné grimasy včetně vyplazování jazyka, tleskají, plácají se po stehnech a rytmicky zpívají, kouzlo, které uchvátilo davy fanoušků po celém světě.
- Haka is inseparable from rugby. The sport, which is known for rough play, gets another charm thanks to the dance, during which the players use various facial expressions including sticking out their tongues, clap their hands and slap their thighs.
Declension edit
Finnish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from dialectal Swedish haka (compare standard hake).
Noun edit
haka
Declension edit
| Inflection of haka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | haka | haat | ||
| genitive | haan | hakojen | ||
| partitive | hakaa | hakoja | ||
| illative | hakaan | hakoihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | haka | haat | ||
| accusative | nom. | haka | haat | |
| gen. | haan | |||
| genitive | haan | hakojen hakainrare | ||
| partitive | hakaa | hakoja | ||
| inessive | haassa | haoissa | ||
| elative | haasta | haoista | ||
| illative | hakaan | hakoihin | ||
| adessive | haalla | haoilla | ||
| ablative | haalta | haoilta | ||
| allative | haalle | haoille | ||
| essive | hakana | hakoina | ||
| translative | haaksi | haoiksi | ||
| abessive | haatta | haoitta | ||
| instructive | — | haoin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “1. haka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][4] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2 edit
Probably borrowed from Old Swedish hagha, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hagô (“enclosure, yard; pasture”).
Noun edit
haka
Declension edit
| Inflection of haka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | haka | haat | ||
| genitive | haan | hakojen | ||
| partitive | hakaa | hakoja | ||
| illative | hakaan | hakoihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | haka | haat | ||
| accusative | nom. | haka | haat | |
| gen. | haan | |||
| genitive | haan | hakojen hakainrare | ||
| partitive | hakaa | hakoja | ||
| inessive | haassa | haoissa | ||
| elative | haasta | haoista | ||
| illative | hakaan | hakoihin | ||
| adessive | haalla | haoilla | ||
| ablative | haalta | haoilta | ||
| allative | haalle | haoille | ||
| essive | hakana | hakoina | ||
| translative | haaksi | haoiksi | ||
| abessive | haatta | haoitta | ||
| instructive | — | haoin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of haka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
compounds
Further reading edit
- “2. haka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][5] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 3 edit
Adjective edit
haka (not comparable) (informal)
Usage notes edit
Chiefly used in the verb phrase olla haka (+ inessive), meaning "to be (very) good at something, to be a master at". Only used predicatively in any case (never attributively).
Declension edit
Indeclinable.
Derived terms edit
compounds
Anagrams edit
Hadza edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
haka
- to go
- Synonym: etlhikwa
Hawaiian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Polynesian *fata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pataʀ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
haka
References edit
- Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “haka”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
haka f (genitive singular höku, nominative plural hökur)
Declension edit
declension of haka
Etymology 2 edit
See haki (“pick”)
Verb edit
haka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative hakaði, supine hakað)
Conjugation edit
haka — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að haka | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
hakað | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
hakandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég haka | við hökum | present (nútíð) |
ég haki | við hökum |
| þú hakar | þið hakið | þú hakir | þið hakið | ||
| hann, hún, það hakar | þeir, þær, þau haka | hann, hún, það haki | þeir, þær, þau haki | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég hakaði | við hökuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég hakaði | við hökuðum |
| þú hakaðir | þið hökuðuð | þú hakaðir | þið hökuðuð | ||
| hann, hún, það hakaði | þeir, þær, þau hökuðu | hann, hún, það hakaði | þeir, þær, þau hökuðu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
haka (þú) | hakið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| hakaðu | hakiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að hakast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
hakast | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
hakandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég hakast | við hökumst | present (nútíð) |
ég hakist | við hökumst |
| þú hakast | þið hakist | þú hakist | þið hakist | ||
| hann, hún, það hakast | þeir, þær, þau hakast | hann, hún, það hakist | þeir, þær, þau hakist | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég hakaðist | við hökuðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég hakaðist | við hökuðumst |
| þú hakaðist | þið hökuðust | þú hakaðist | þið hökuðust | ||
| hann, hún, það hakaðist | þeir, þær, þau hökuðust | hann, hún, það hakaðist | þeir, þær, þau hökuðust | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
hakast (þú) | hakist (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| hakastu | hakisti * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
hakaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
hakaður | hökuð | hakað | hakaðir | hakaðar | hökuð | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
hakaðan | hakaða | hakað | hakaða | hakaðar | hökuð | |
| dative (þágufall) |
hökuðum | hakaðri | hökuðu | hökuðum | hökuðum | hökuðum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
hakaðs | hakaðrar | hakaðs | hakaðra | hakaðra | hakaðra | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
hakaði | hakaða | hakaða | hökuðu | hökuðu | hökuðu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
hakaða | hökuðu | hakaða | hökuðu | hökuðu | hökuðu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
hakaða | hökuðu | hakaða | hökuðu | hökuðu | hökuðu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
hakaða | hökuðu | hakaða | hökuðu | hökuðu | hökuðu | |
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
haka
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
haka
Kashubian edit
Noun edit
haka f
Khoekhoe edit
| < 3 | 4 | 5 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : haka | ||
Numeral edit
haka
Kikuyu edit
Etymology edit
Hinde (1904) records kuhaka as an equivalent of English paint in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
haka (infinitive kũhaka)
References edit
- ^ Hinde, Hildegarde (1904). Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu languages of East Africa, pp. 44–45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 361. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Barlow, A. Ruffell (1960). Studies in Kikuyu Grammar and Idiom, pp. 64, 229.
Maori edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Polynesian *saka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakaŋ. Word is cognate with Hawaiian haʻa (“dance”), Mangarevan ʻaka (“to perform a traditional dance; a usually warlike dance accompanied by a chant”), Rarotongan ʻaka (“dance”), Samoan saʻa (“dance”), Tokelauan haka (“dance”), Tongan haka (“hand action made while singing”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
haka
Usage notes edit
Used in the form haka-a.
Derived terms edit
- haka taparahi (a ceremonial haka)
- kapa haka (the participants in the haka)
Related terms edit
- peruperu (the proper term for the war dance)
Descendants edit
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
haka c
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from English haka, from Maori haka.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
haka m (definite singular hakaen)
- haka dance
Etymology 2 edit
To the noun hake m.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
haka (present tense hakar, past tense haka, past participle haka, passive infinitive hakast, present participle hakande, imperative haka/hak)
- a-infinitive and split infinitive form of hake
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
haka f
Etymology 4 edit
H-insertion on ake with split infinitive. From Old Norse aka, from Proto-Germanic *akaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti.
Verb edit
haka (past tense hok)
- (dialectal, Eastern Norway) alternative form of aka (“to go; glide”)
- 1953, Reidar Holtvedt, Historier fra Krokskauen, Oslo: Aschehoug, page 196:
- Ja, guttungen hok der forrige daen, han, og je har nå høki der je au, sa han.
- Yeah. The kid went there the other day, he. And I have gone there as well, says he.
Etymology 5 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
haka n
References edit
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
Related to the root of haki (“hook, pick”), from Proto-Germanic *hakô, referring to something pointing out.[1]
Noun edit
haka f (genitive hǫku, plural hǫkur)
Declension edit
Declension of haka (weak ōn-stem)
Descendants edit
References edit
“haka”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “537-538”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 537-538
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
haka m inan
Rapa Nui edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Polynesian *faka-. Cognates include Hawaiian haʻa- and Maori whaka-.
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
haka
- Used to indicate the causative aspect.
Derived terms edit
References edit
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
audio (file)
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
haka c
Declension edit
| Declension of haka | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | haka | hakan | hakor | hakorna |
| Genitive | hakas | hakans | hakors | hakornas |
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
haka (present hakar, preterite hakade, supine hakat, imperative haka)
- (often with fast, på, or upp) to hook (attach with something hook-like)
- (often with i) to get hooked (stuck on something hook-like, not figuratively)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of haka (weak)
| Active | Passive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | haka | hakas | ||
| Supine | hakat | hakats | ||
| Imperative | haka | — | ||
| Imper. plural1 | haken | — | ||
| Present | Past | Present | Past | |
| Indicative | hakar | hakade | hakas | hakades |
| Ind. plural1 | haka | hakade | hakas | hakades |
| Subjunctive2 | hake | hakade | hakes | hakades |
| Participles | ||||
| Present participle | hakande | |||
| Past participle | hakad | |||
| 1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. | ||||
Derived terms edit
References edit
Tagalog edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hakà (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜃ)
- idea; opinion
- notion; understanding
- Synonyms: pagkaunawa, pagkaintindi, pagkahiwatig
- belief
- Synonyms: paniwala, paniniwala
- guess
- Synonym: hula
- suspicion
- Synonyms: hinala, paghihinala