hasta
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Written form of a reduction of has to.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
hasta
- (colloquial) third-person singular simple present indicative of hafta: Contraction of has to; is required to
- He hasta visit the doctor.
Etymology 2 edit
From Spanish hasta (“until”), especially hasta luego (“until later”).
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
hasta
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hasta (plural hastas)
- (Indian classical dance) A hand gesture used to depict the meaning of a song
- 2009 January 21, Joe Fiorito, “Tamil dance fine gesture even for our crop of snow”, in Toronto Star[1]:
- A prudent prayer, and a vigorous dance, with many interwoven leaps and twirls and pirouettes, and hastas all around.
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Asturian edit
Preposition edit
hasta
Bikol Central edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈhasta/, [ˈhas.ta] (spelling-based)
- IPA(key): /ˈʔasta/, [ˈʔas.ta] (Spanish-based)
- Hyphenation: has‧ta
Preposition edit
hásta (Basahan spelling ᜑᜐ᜔ᜆ)
Breton edit
Verb edit
hasta
- to hurry
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl edit
Etymology edit
Preposition edit
hasta
Fala edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish hasta, from Old Spanish fasta.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
hasta
- up to (as much as)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme VI, Chapter 1::
- Poin encontralsi, a o millol, hasta “oito” o mais.
- There can be found, at best, up to “eight” or more.
- until (up to the time of)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
- Esti términu Mañegu, o mais pequenu dos tres, formaba parti, con términus de Vilamel i Trevellu, da pruvincia de Salamanca hasta o anu 1833 […]
- This San Martinese locality, the smallest of the three, formed, along with the Vilamen and Trevejo localities, the Salamanca province until the year 1833 […]
References edit
Finnish edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
hasta
Anagrams edit
Galician edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Attested since circa 1300. From Latin hasta, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰast- (“branch”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hasta f (plural hastas)
- pole; flagpole
- 1390, Jose Luis Pensado Tomé (ed.), Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I. Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 117:
- Et rrei Calrros entẽdeo, et com̃o estaua armado de moi boa loriga et de moy boo elmo et cõ moy boa espada et cõplido de grraça de Deus, que era cõ el, entrou ontre as azes dos mouros dando moy grãdes feridas a destro et seestro, matãdo moytos deles ata que chegou onde estaua a carreta, et dou cõ a espada ẽna aste en que estaua o pendon et cortoo
- King Charlemagne understood, and since he was well armed with an excellent chain mail and a very good helm and a very good sword and full with the Grace of God, which was with him, he entered among the lines of the Moors giving large wounds left and right, killing many of them till he arrived where the wagon was, and he hit with the sword the pole where the pennon was and cut it down
- 1390, Jose Luis Pensado Tomé (ed.), Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I. Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 117:
- shaft
- 1440, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 264:
- Et o dito Lopo d'Amoeyro, non acatando a dita trégoa e en quebrantamento dela, diso que o dito dia donte que foran XVIII dias do dito mes do dito ano, en término da dita friguesía de Codeyro, e sen o dito Lopo Rodrigues faser mal nen dano ao dito Lopo d'Amoeyro, que aderesçara a él por lo matar, díselle çertas palabras desonestas e injuriosas, et que él e outros seus III omes, que lle poseran as lanças enos peytos, por lo matar, e que o dito Lopo d'Ameyro, que alçara a lança e que lle dera con a asta dela por lo rostro e por las narises e por los ollos, o qual y logo y mostrou, inchado as narises e os ollos, ante os ditos juises
- And the mentioned Lopo de Amoeiro, having not accepted this truce and thence breaking it, he [sic, it refers to another Lopo] said that yesterday, 18th of this month and year, in the circumscription of the parish of Codeiro, and without the mentioned Lopo Rodríguez having caused any harm to that Lopo de Amoeiro, that he came close to him to kill him, and he told him some dishonest and injurious words, and that he and his three men put their spears in his chest, for killing him; and that this Lopo de Amoeiro rose his spear and stroke with the shaft on his nose and eyes, what he then shew, his swollen nose and eyes, before said judges
- stem
References edit
- “asta” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “aste” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
- “hasta” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “hasta” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “hasta” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Malay hasta, from Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hasta
Coordinate terms edit
Derived terms edit
Compounds edit
Further reading edit
- “hasta” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin edit
Etymology edit
Disputed. Usually conjectured to be from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰasto- or *ǵʰasdʰo- (“branch ~ spear, sharp spine”) (see below for Indo-European cognates), but the phonetics are problematic. Likely of ultimately non-Indo-European substrate origin.[1][2][3]
Cognates include Irish gas (“stem (of a plant)”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃 (gazds, “spine, aculeus”) and Old Norse gaddr (“spear, goad”) (loaned into English as gad); the Germanic forms would point to a PIE pre-form *ǵʰasdʰo-, but this cannot formally be connected to gas (“stem (of a plant)”), since Proto-Celtic *sd yields Irish *d, as in nead (“nest”) from *nisdós. A relationship with Sanskrit हस्त (hasta, “hand”) (see hir) is unlikely. A relationship with the Albanian words heshtë, ushtë and shtijë (all meaning “spear”) is uncertain.[4]
Also compared to Umbrian 𐌇𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (hostatu, acc.pl.m.), 𐌇𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌓 (hostatir, dat.pl.m), of unknown meaning, but the root vowel /o/ does not match the Latin /a/.[2]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈhas.ta/, [ˈhäs̠t̪ä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈas.ta/, [ˈäst̪ä]
Noun edit
hasta f (genitive hastae); first declension
- a spear, lance, pike, carried by soldiers and used for thrusting
- Petere aliquem hastā. ― To attack someone with a spear.
- c. 45 CE – 96 CE, Statius, Thebaid 12.593–595:
- Victumne putāstī / Thēsea, dīre Creōn? Adsum, nec sanguine fessum / crēde; sitit meritōs etiamnum haec hasta cruōrēs.
- Did you think Theseus is defeated, cruel Creon? I am here, and do not believe I'm tired of blood, even my spear is still thirsty for righteous slaughter.
- Victumne putāstī / Thēsea, dīre Creōn? Adsum, nec sanguine fessum / crēde; sitit meritōs etiamnum haec hasta cruōrēs.
Declension edit
First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | hasta | hastae |
Genitive | hastae | hastārum |
Dative | hastae | hastīs |
Accusative | hastam | hastās |
Ablative | hastā | hastīs |
Vocative | hasta | hastae |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2004) “Avestan siiazd-, Sanskrit sedh-, Latin cēdere”, in Hyllested, Adam, Anders Jørgensen, Jenny Larsson and Thomas Olander, editors, Per Aspera ad Asteriscos: Studia indogermanica in honorem Jens Elmegård Rasmussen sexagenarii Idibus Martiis anno MMIV, Innsbruck: Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft, page 329/330 of 323–332
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “hasta”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 280
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gazda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
- ^ “asta” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
Further reading edit
- “hasta”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “hasta”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- hasta in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- hasta in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to use javelins at a distance, swords at close quarters: eminus hastis, comminus gladiis uti
- the free men are sold as slaves: libera corpora sub corona (hasta) veneunt (B. G. 3. 16. 4)
- to use javelins at a distance, swords at close quarters: eminus hastis, comminus gladiis uti
- “hasta”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “hasta”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
- “hasta”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- “hasta”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
- Lewis & Short, A Latin Dictionary
Malay edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hasta (Jawi spelling هستا, plural hasta-hasta, informal 1st possessive hastaku, 2nd possessive hastamu, 3rd possessive hastanya)
- cubit, unit of measurement from elbow to fingertip
References edit
- Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1994, →ISBN, page 78
- Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “هست hasta”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 144
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “هست hasta”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 686
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “hasta”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 401
Further reading edit
- “hasta” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Low German hasten.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
hasta (present tense hastar, past tense hasta, past participle hasta, passive infinitive hastast, present participle hastande, imperative hasta/hast)
Further reading edit
- “hasta” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Javanese edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hasta
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- "hasta" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Latin hasta, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰast- (“branch”).
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: has‧ta
Noun edit
hasta f (plural hastas)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Spanish fasta, and of ultimate uncertain origin. Commonly proposed etymologies are Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until”) and Latin ad ista (“to this”).
According to Coromines & Pascual (1980:323-324), fasta is first attested with certainty in the 13th century (dubiously earlier since 1074), with variants fata (att. 1098 as hata, Auto de Reyes Magos), adte (att. 1050, very rare), ata (att. ca. 1000, Glosas Emilianenses), adta (att. 945, in a Cardeña document). A(d)ta predominates in pre-literary (pre-13th century) texts, then in the 13th c. there is increasing vacillation between a predominant fata and the variant fasta until fasta becomes established in the 14th c. They propose st as dissimilation of the earlier dt in adta, attempting to render the Arabic geminate tt, and the initial f- (i.e. /ɸ ~ h/) found in various forms renders the initial Arabic /ħ/ of ḥattā. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese ata, ate (stressed as até?), atẽe, atẽes, atães; Portuguese até; Galician ata, até, atá, asta, astra; Mirandese ata; Asturian fasta, ata; Valencian dasta, hasda, handa.[1]
Viaro (2013) proposes a derivation of fasta from Latin faciem + Latin intrā, after these reduced to faz + t(r)a, cf. Spanish hacia, pointing out Old Spanish adtor became azor instead of *astor. Meanwhile, the mostly pre-13th century a(d)ta would be from Latin ad + intrā, cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese atra and ata.[2]
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈasta/ [ˈas.t̪a]
Audio (Colombia): (file) - Rhymes: -asta
- Syllabification: has‧ta
- Homophone: asta
Adverb edit
hasta
Preposition edit
hasta
Derived terms edit
- armarse hasta los dientes
- estar hasta la verga
- hasta ahí podríamos llegar
- hasta ahora
- hasta decir basta
- hasta después
- hasta el apuntador
- hasta el carné de identidad
- hasta el cuello
- hasta el culo
- hasta el gato
- hasta el momento
- hasta el rabo, todo es toro
- hasta el tobillo
- hasta el tope
- hasta el tuétano
- hasta el último cuadrante
- hasta el valle de Josafat
- hasta en la sopa
- hasta la bander
- hasta la bola
- hasta la fecha
- hasta la madre
- hasta la médula
- hasta la muerte
- hasta la náusea
- hasta la pared de enfrente
- hasta la próxima
- hasta la saciedad
- hasta la verga
- hasta la vista
- hasta las cachas
- hasta las cejas
- hasta las piedras
- hasta las trancas
- hasta los gatos
- hasta los hígados
- hasta los huesos
- hasta los ojos
- hasta los tequeteques
- hasta los topes
- hasta los tuétanos
- hasta luego
- hasta lueguín
- hasta mañana
- hasta más no poder
- hasta más ver
- hasta no más
- hasta nuevo aviso
- hasta perderse de vista
- hasta pronto
- hasta que
- hasta siempre
- hasta tal punto que
- hasta tanto
- hasta tanto que
References edit
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “hasta”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
- ^ Viaro, M. E. (2013) Sobre a origem das preposições ibero-românicas hasta, ata e até. Estudos de Lingüística Galega, v. 5.
Further reading edit
- “hasta”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Arabic Influences in Various Languages
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Low German hasten.
Verb edit
hasta (present hastar, preterite hastade, supine hastat, imperative hasta)
Conjugation edit
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | hasta | — | ||
Supine | hastat | — | ||
Imperative | hasta | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | hasten | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | hastar | hastade | — | — |
Ind. plural1 | hasta | hastade | — | — |
Subjunctive2 | haste | hastade | — | — |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | hastande | |||
Past participle | — | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
Anagrams edit
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish خسته (hasta), from Persian خسته (xaste).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
hasta
Declension edit
present tense | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I am) | hastayım | hasta mıyım? | hasta değilim | hasta değil miyim? |
sen (you are) | hastasın | hasta mısın? | hasta değilsin | hasta değil misin? |
o (he/she/it is) | hasta / hastadır | hasta mı? | hasta değil | hasta değil mi? |
biz (we are) | hastayız | hasta mıyız? | hasta değiliz | hasta değil miyiz? |
siz (you are) | hastasınız | hasta mısınız? | hasta değilsiniz | hasta değil misiniz? |
onlar (they are) | hasta(lar) | hasta(lar) mı? | hasta değil(ler) | hasta değiller mi? |
past tense | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I was) | hastaydım | hasta mıydım? | hasta değildim | hasta değil miydim? |
sen (you were) | hastaydın | hasta mıydın? | hasta değildin | hasta değil miydin? |
o (he/she/it was) | hastaydı | hasta mıydı? | hasta değildi | hasta değil miydi? |
biz (we were) | hastaydık | hasta mıydık? | hasta değildik | hasta değil miydik? |
siz (you were) | hastaydınız | hasta mıydınız? | hasta değildiniz | hasta değil miydiniz? |
onlar (they were) | hastaydılar | hasta mıydılar? | hasta değildi(ler) / değillerdi | hasta değil miydiler? |
indirect past | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (I was) | hastaymışım | hasta mıymışım? | hasta değilmişim | hasta değil miymişim? |
sen (you were) | hastaymışsın | hasta mıymışsın? | hasta değilmişsin | hasta değil miymişsin? |
o (he/she/it was) | hastaymış | hasta mıymış? | hasta değilmiş | hasta değil miymiş? |
biz (we were) | hastaymışız | hasta mıymışız? | hasta değilmişiz | hasta değil miymişiz? |
siz (you were) | hastaymışsınız | hasta mıymışsınız? | hasta değilmişsiniz | hasta değil miymişsiniz? |
onlar (they were) | hastaymışlar | hasta mıymışlar? | hasta değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş | hasta değil miymişler? |
conditional | ||||
positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
ben (if I) | hastaysam | hasta mıysam? | hasta değilsem | hasta değil miysem? |
sen (if you) | hastaysan | hasta mıysan? | hasta değilsen | hasta değil miysen? |
o (if he/she/it) | hastaysa | hasta mıysa? | hasta değilse | hasta değil miyse? |
biz (if we) | hastaysak | hasta mıysak? | hasta değilsek | hasta değil miysek? |
siz (if you) | hastaysanız | hasta mıysanız? | hasta değilseniz | hasta değil miyseniz? |
onlar (if they) | hastaysalar | hasta mıysalar? | hasta değilseler / değillerse | hasta değil miyseler? |
Noun edit
hasta (definite accusative hastayı, plural hastalar)