hryggr

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz. Cognate with Old English hryċġ (English ridge), Old High German rucki.

Noun

hryggr m (genitive hryggjar, plural hryggir)

1. (anatomy) backbone, spine
2. (landform) a ridge

Declension

  Declension of hryggr (strong i-stem, ar-genitive)

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	hryggr	hryggrinn	hryggir	hryggirnir
accusative	hrygg	hrygginn	hryggi	hryggina
dative	hrygg	hrygginum	hryggjum	hryggjunum
genitive	hryggjar	hryggjarins	hryggja	hryggjanna

Descendants

• Icelandic: hryggur
• Faroese: ryggur
• Norn: rygg
• Norwegian: rygg
• Jamtish: rygg
• Elfdalian: rygg
• Old Swedish: rygger
  • Swedish: rygg
• Old Danish: ryg
  • Danish: ryg
• Gutnish: rygg

References

• “hryggr1”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Etymology 2

Compare with hryggva, hryggja.

Adjective

hryggr (comparative hryggvari, superlative hryggvastr)

1. afflicted, grieved, sad

Declension

    Strong declension of hryggr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hryggr	hrygg	hryggt
accusative	hryggvan	hryggva	hryggt
dative	hryggum	hryggri	hryggu
genitive	hryggs	hryggrar	hryggs
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hryggvir	hryggvar	hrygg
accusative	hryggva	hryggvar	hrygg
dative	hryggum	hryggum	hryggum
genitive	hryggra	hryggra	hryggra

    Weak declension of hryggr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hryggvi	hryggva	hryggva
accusative	hryggva	hryggu	hryggva
dative	hryggva	hryggu	hryggva
genitive	hryggva	hryggu	hryggva
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hryggu	hryggu	hryggu
accusative	hryggu	hryggu	hryggu
dative	hryggum	hryggum	hryggum
genitive	hryggu	hryggu	hryggu

    Declension of comparative of hryggr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hryggri, hryggvari	hryggri, hryggvari	hryggra, hryggvara
accusative	hryggra, hryggvara	hryggri, hryggvari	hryggra, hryggvara
dative	hryggra, hryggvara	hryggri, hryggvari	hryggra, hryggvara
genitive	hryggra, hryggvara	hryggri, hryggvari	hryggra, hryggvara
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hryggri, hryggvari	hryggri, hryggvari	hryggri, hryggvari
accusative	hryggri, hryggvari	hryggri, hryggvari	hryggri, hryggvari
dative	hryggrum, hryggvarum	hryggrum, hryggvarum	hryggrum, hryggvarum
genitive	hryggri, hryggvari	hryggri, hryggvari	hryggri, hryggvari

    Strong declension of superlative of hryggr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hryggvastr	hryggust	hryggvast
accusative	hryggvastan	hryggvasta	hryggvast
dative	hryggustum	hryggvastri	hryggustu
genitive	hryggvasts	hryggvastrar	hryggvasts
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hryggvastir	hryggvastar	hryggust
accusative	hryggvasta	hryggvastar	hryggust
dative	hryggustum	hryggustum	hryggustum
genitive	hryggvastra	hryggvastra	hryggvastra

    Weak declension of superlative of hryggr

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hryggvasti	hryggvasta	hryggvasta
accusative	hryggvasta	hryggustu	hryggvasta
dative	hryggvasta	hryggustu	hryggvasta
genitive	hryggvasta	hryggustu	hryggvasta
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	hryggustu	hryggustu	hryggustu
accusative	hryggustu	hryggustu	hryggustu
dative	hryggustum	hryggustum	hryggustum
genitive	hryggustu	hryggustu	hryggustu

Descendants

• Icelandic: hryggur

References

• “hryggr2”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• hryggr in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.