ihr
Bavarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old High German ira.
Determiner edit
ihr
- (possessive) her
Declension edit
Declension of ihr | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
nominative | ihr | ihr | ihr | ihre |
dative | ihrm | ihrer | ihrm | ihrare |
accusative | ihrn | ihr | ihr | ihrane |
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Bavarian possessive pronouns
attributive (nominative case) | independent | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
1st person singular | mei | meine | meins | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
dei | deine | deins | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Eahna | Eahnare | Eahnas | |
3rd person singular | m, n | sei | seine | seins |
f | ihr | ihre | ihrs | |
1st person plural | unsa | unsare | unsas | |
2nd person plural | eia | eire | eias | |
3rd person plural | eahna | eahnare | eahnas |
Etymology 2 edit
From Old High German iru, iro.
Pronoun edit
ihr
German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz. Cognate with Low German ji, jie, Yiddish איר (ir), Dutch jij, gij, je, Middle Dutch ir, English ye, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jūs).
Pronunciation edit
- (standard) IPA(key): /iːɐ̯/
(file) (file) - Rhymes: -iːɐ̯
- (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA(key): /ɐ/
Pronoun edit
ihr pl
Usage notes edit
- This form is the plural of du, which is used chiefly towards people with whom one is privately acquainted (see there). One uses ihr towards a group of people if one would address every individual in that group with du. However, the plural ihr is somewhat less familiar than the singular du, meaning that it can sometimes be used in semi-formal situations where du towards an individual would not be appropriate. Learners should still, in any case of doubt, use Sie in order to be on the safe side.
- The form Ihr (capitalized in writing) was formerly the polite second-person form for both singular and plural (compare French vous and Early Modern English you) and was used instead of contemporary Sie. Such usage still survives dialectally in some areas, and is encountered in historical contexts (e.g. fiction taking place in the distant past), but is otherwise rarely heard in standard German.
- The genitive pronouns are very rare. They are used only in literary and formal style as a genitive object for certain adjectives, prepositions, or verbs which govern the genitive, such as entbehren and gedenken.
- In the late 18th century and in the first half of the 19th century, the genitive was also eurer instead of euer, e.g. ich erinnere mich eurer instead of ich erinnere mich euer.[1][2][3][4][5]
Declension edit
German personal pronouns
singular | plural | singular and plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 2nd person polite/formal | |||
m | f | n | |||||||
nominative | ich | du -e2 |
er | sie -se2 |
es | wir | ihr | sie -se2 |
Sie Ihr3 |
genitive | meiner mein3 |
deiner dein3 |
seiner sein3 |
ihrer | seiner sein3 |
unser | euer | ihrer | Ihrer Euer3 |
dative | mir | dir | ihm | ihr | ihm | uns | euch | ihnen | Ihnen Euch3 |
accusative | mich | dich | ihn | sie -se2 |
es | uns | euch | sie -se2 |
Sie Euch3 |
1These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. 2enclitic, colloquial 3archaic
In older language the genitive is also written ewer and the accusative and dative sometimes ewch.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old High German iru, iro.
Pronoun edit
ihr
Etymology 3 edit
From Old High German ira.
Determiner edit
ihr
- her (possessive)
- Laura hat mir ihr neues Auto gezeigt.
- Laura showed me her new car.
- Die Katze spielt oft mit ihren Spielsachen.
- The cat often plays with her toys.
- its (when the owning object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine)
- die Sonne und ihre Wärme
- the sun and its warmth
Declension edit
Declension of ihr | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
nominative | ihr | ihre | ihr | ihre |
genitive | ihres | ihrer | ihres | ihrer |
dative | ihrem | ihrer | ihrem | ihren |
accusative | ihren | ihre | ihr | ihre |
Etymology 4 edit
From Old High German iro.
Determiner edit
ihr
- their
- Die Kinder spielen mit ihrem Hund.
- The kids are playing with their dog.
- die Wolken und ihre Schönheit
- the clouds and their beauty
Declension edit
Declension of ihr | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
nominative | ihr | ihre | ihr | ihre |
genitive | ihres | ihrer | ihres | ihrer |
dative | ihrem | ihrer | ihrem | ihren |
accusative | ihren | ihre | ihr | ihre |
References edit
- ^ Karl Ferdinand Becker: Schulgrammatik der deutschen Sprache. Vierte neubearbeitete Ausgabe. Frankfurt am Main, 1839, p. 143.
- ^ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, in Götz von Berlichingen: „Götz. Ich erinnere mich eurer nicht.“
- ^ Shakspeare, translated by Aug. Wilh. v. Schlegel and Ludwig Tieck, in Maaß für Maaß: „Herzog. Ich erinnere mich eurer, Herr, an dem Ton eurer Stimme[.]“
- ^ Konrad Duden: Vollständiges Orthographisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Sechste, verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage. Leipzig and Wien, 1900, p. 102: „euer (Genitiv von ihr); euer (nicht: eurer) sind drei; ich erinnere mich euer (nicht: eurer)“
- ^ Wahrig: Die deutsche Rechtschreibung. Band 1: A–K. Bertelsmann Lexikon Institut, 2007, p. 529: „ich gedenke euer, ich erinnere mich euer (falsch: eurer)“
Further reading edit
- “ihr” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “ihr, sie, ihre” in Duden online
- “ihr, Anrede, 2. Person” in Duden online
- “ihr, sie, wem” in Duden online
- “ihr, sie, wessen” in Duden online
Mokilese edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ihr
- first person inclusive remote plural; all of them
Usage notes edit
Like other remote plural pronouns, ihr is rare. It is used to refer to a large group of people who are not present.
See also edit
Mokilese personal pronouns
singular | first person | ngoah, ngoahi | |
---|---|---|---|
second person | koah, koawoa | ||
third person | ih | ||
dual | first person inclusive | kisa | |
first person exclusive | kama | ||
second person | kamwa | ||
third person | ara, ira | ||
plural | first person inclusive | kisai | |
first person exclusive | kamai | ||
second person | kamwai | ||
third person | arai, irai | ||
remote plural | first person inclusive | kihs | |
first person exclusive | kimi | ||
second person | kimwi | ||
third person | ihr |