indurate

English edit

Pronunciation edit

(verb) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈdjʊɹeɪt/
- Audio (Southern England) (file)
(adjective) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈdjʊɹət/
- Audio (Southern England) (file)

Verb edit

indurate (third-person singular simple present indurates, present participle indurating, simple past and past participle indurated)

To harden or to grow hard.
- 1924, Herman Melville, chapter 2, in Billy Budd‎^[1], London: Constable & Co.:
  The ear, small and shapely, the arch of the foot, the curve in mouth and nostril, even the indurated hand dyed to the orange-tawny of the toucan's bill, a hand telling alike of the halyards and tar-bucket […] all this strangely indicated a lineage in direct contradiction to his lot.
- 1970, Oliver Sacks, chapter 1, in Migraine, London: Picador, published 1995, page 15:
  The superficial temporal artery (or arteries) may become exquisitely tender to the touch and visibly indurated.
To make callous or unfeeling.
- 1801, Helen Maria Williams, Sketches of the State of Manners and Opinions in the French ..., Volume 1‎^[2]:
  Oh, no ! it is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart — the revolutionary impulse is too swift to admit of a pause at the sight of individual misery — the tempest is too loud to hear the wailings of the wretch that perishes beneath its billows […]
To inure; to strengthen; to make hardy or robust.
- 1992, Saul Bellow, “Winter in Tuscany”, in It All Adds Up: From the Dim Past to the Uncertain Future, New York: Viking, published 1994, page 257:
  The afternoon was not particularly warm: our noses and eyes were running; his were dry. He was evidently indurated against natural hardships.

Synonyms edit

The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.

inure
(harden): See also Thesaurus:harden
(strengthen): See also Thesaurus:strengthen

Derived terms edit

Translations edit

To harden

Bulgarian: втвърдявам се (vtvǎrdjavam se)
French: indurer (fr)
German: härten (de), verhärten (de), festigen (de), verfestigen (de)

To make callous or unfeeling

Bulgarian: закоравявам (bg) (zakoravjavam)
German: abhärten (de), unempfindlich machen

Adjective edit

indurate (comparative more indurate, superlative most indurate)

Hardened.
The doctor removed a lot of indurate skin from his wound.
Obstinate, unfeeling, callous.
- 1528 (originally published, the wording in the quotation is from a later version), William Tyndale, The Obedience of a Christian Man
  Now are they indurate and tough as Pharaoh, and will not bow unto any right way or order.