intestinus

Latin

Etymology

The first element from inter (“between”) (so De Vaan 2008) or intus (“within; inwards”) (so WH 1938), both from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”) - cf. in (“in”), interior (“inner”), intrā (“on the inside, within”); the second element represents a compound with Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“stand”) (Latin stō): zero-grade extended by -i-, or e-grade with later remodelling after -īnus (so De Vaan); or is a chaining of the suffixes *-tyo- and *-nós (so WH). Compare internus, without the middle element.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /in.tesˈtiː.nus/, [ɪn̪t̪ɛs̠ˈt̪iːnʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /in.tesˈti.nus/, [in̪t̪esˈt̪iːnus]

Adjective

intestīnus (feminine intestīna, neuter intestīnum); first/second-declension adjective

1. internal in various senses, namely:
   1. (occurring within a state) civic, domestic, internal
      1. (peculiar to the individual) individual, personal, private
   2. (of or affecting the internal organs) internal, inward
   3. (mare ~um) the Mediterranean Sea
   4. (opus ~um) (also alone) interior woodwork, joinery

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	intestīnus	intestīna	intestīnum		intestīnī	intestīnae	intestīna
Genitive	intestīnī	intestīnae	intestīnī		intestīnōrum	intestīnārum	intestīnōrum
Dative	intestīnō		intestīnō		intestīnīs
Accusative	intestīnum	intestīnam	intestīnum		intestīnōs	intestīnās	intestīna
Ablative	intestīnō	intestīnā	intestīnō		intestīnīs
Vocative	intestīne	intestīna	intestīnum		intestīnī	intestīnae	intestīna

Derived terms

• intestīnum (“innards”)
• intestīnārius (“joiner”, adj. and subst.)

Descendants

• → French: (adjective) intestin (learned)

References

• “intestīnus” on page 1046 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “intestīnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307
• Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938–1954) “intestīnus”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, Heidelberg: Carl Winter

Further reading

• “intestinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “intestinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• intestinus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) a civil war: bellum intestinum, domesticum (opp. bellum externum)
    
• intestinus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016