jūs

See also jus

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *yu-, from Proto-Indo-European *yu- (“you (pl.)”). The non-nominative forms were re-formed, following the paradigm of u-stems: a new accusative *júns > jūs, a new genitive *jūsōn > jūsu (cf. Old Prussian iouson), and a new dative *yūmus > *yumus > jums. Cognates include Lithuanian jūs, Old Prussian ioūs, iaūs, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) (< *yūš-).

Pronunciation

• IPA: [jūːs]

Pronoun

jūs

1. you; accusative plural form of jūs

jūs (personal, 2nd person plural)

1. you; first person pronoun, referring to the addressee and other people

   kur jūs, zēni, bijāt? — where, boys, were you?

   steidzieties, jūs jau gaida! — hurry up, they are already waiting for you!

   kurš no jums ir vecāks: Birkenbaums, Gulbis vai Jānis? — which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?

   esat, Birutiņ, un tu, Ansi... esat mani bērni, tikai es neesmu jūsu īstais tēvs — you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you

2. (formal) you; first person pronoun, referring to the adressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized

   būt uz jūs (ar kādu), uzrunāt (kādu) ar jūs — to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs

   (Ilga:) āgrāk jūs tā nerunājāt... (Marts:) jūs toreiz bijāt maza meitene un nekā nesapratāt — (Ilga:) you, sir didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam were then a small girl and didn't understand anyhting

   pateicos par Jūsu palīdzību — I thank (you) for your help

   Kalniņa kungs, vai Jums šis jautājums ir skaidrs? — Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?

Declension

declension of jūs

nominative (nominatīvs)	jūs
accusative (akuzatīvs)	jūs
genitive (ģenitīvs)	jūsu
dative (datīvs)	jums
instrumental (instrumentālis)	jums
locative (lokatīvs)	jūsos

Related terms

• jūsējs

See also

• vietniekvārds
• Personal pronouns (personu vietniekvārdi):

  es, tu, viņš, viņa, mēs, jūs, viņi, viņas; sevi

References

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Lithuanian

Pronoun

jūs

1. (second-person singular, formal) you
2. (second-person plural) you

Declension

declension of jūs

	singular		dual		plural
nominative	tù		jùdu m, jùdvi f		jū̃s
genitive	tavę̃s		jùdviejų		jū́sų
dative	táu		jùdviem		jùms
accusative	tavè		jùdu m, jùdvi f		jùs
instrumental	tavimì, tavim̃		jùdviem		jumìs
locative	tavyjè, tavỹ		jùdviese		jumysè

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Old Prussian

Pronoun

jūs

1. you, the second person plural pronoun