jaillir
French edit
Etymology edit
Uncertain. Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *galīre, from Transalpine Gaulish *gali- (“boil, gush, well up”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
jaillir
- (of liquid, fire, etc.) to spurt out, gush forth
- (of person, animal) to spring out
- (of tower, obstruction) to thrust up, to jut out
- (of idea) to emerge from
Conjugation edit
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of jaillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | jaillir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | jaillissant /ʒa.ji.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | jailli /ʒa.ji/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | jaillis /ʒa.ji/ |
jaillis /ʒa.ji/ |
jaillit /ʒa.ji/ |
jaillissons /ʒa.ji.sɔ̃/ |
jaillissez /ʒa.ji.se/ |
jaillissent /ʒa.jis/ |
| imperfect | jaillissais /ʒa.ji.sɛ/ |
jaillissais /ʒa.ji.sɛ/ |
jaillissait /ʒa.ji.sɛ/ |
jaillissions /ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
jaillissiez /ʒa.ji.sje/ |
jaillissaient /ʒa.ji.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | jaillis /ʒa.ji/ |
jaillis /ʒa.ji/ |
jaillit /ʒa.ji/ |
jaillîmes /ʒa.jim/ |
jaillîtes /ʒa.jit/ |
jaillirent /ʒa.jiʁ/ | |
| future | jaillirai /ʒa.ji.ʁe/ |
jailliras /ʒa.ji.ʁa/ |
jaillira /ʒa.ji.ʁa/ |
jaillirons /ʒa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ |
jaillirez /ʒa.ji.ʁe/ |
jailliront /ʒa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | jaillirais /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
jaillirais /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
jaillirait /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
jaillirions /ʒa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/ |
jailliriez /ʒa.ji.ʁje/ |
jailliraient /ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | jaillisse /ʒa.jis/ |
jaillisses /ʒa.jis/ |
jaillisse /ʒa.jis/ |
jaillissions /ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
jaillissiez /ʒa.ji.sje/ |
jaillissent /ʒa.jis/ |
| imperfect2 | jaillisse /ʒa.jis/ |
jaillisses /ʒa.jis/ |
jaillît /ʒa.ji/ |
jaillissions /ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
jaillissiez /ʒa.ji.sje/ |
jaillissent /ʒa.jis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | jaillis /ʒa.ji/ |
— | jaillissons /ʒa.ji.sɔ̃/ |
jaillissez /ʒa.ji.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “jaillir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
jaillir
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of jaillir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | jaillir | avoir jailli | |||||
| gerund | en jaillissant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | jaillissant | ||||||
| past participle | jailli | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | jaillis | jaillis | jaillist | jaillissons | jaillissez | jaillissent |
| imperfect | jaillissoie, jaillisseie | jaillissoies, jaillisseies | jaillissoit, jaillisseit | jaillissiiens, jaillissiens | jaillissiiez, jaillissiez | jaillissoient, jaillisseient | |
| preterite | jailli | jaillis | jailli | jaillimes | jaillistes | jaillirent | |
| future | jaillirai | jailliras | jaillira | jaillirons | jailliroiz, jaillireiz, jaillirez | jailliront | |
| conditional | jailliroie, jaillireie | jailliroies, jaillireies | jailliroit, jaillireit | jailliriiens, jailliriens | jailliriiez, jailliriez | jailliroient, jaillireient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | jaillisse | jaillisses | jaillisse | jaillissons | jaillissez | jaillissent |
| imperfect | jaillisse | jaillisses | jaillist | jaillissons, jaillissiens | jaillissoiz, jaillissez, jaillissiez | jaillissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | jaillis | — | jaillissons | jaillissez | — | ||
Descendants edit
References edit
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (jaillir)