kalja
Estonian edit
Noun edit
kalja
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *kalja (cognate with Estonian kali). According to one theory, possibly from earlier *kaleja or *kaleta, possibly from an early Indo-European language; compare Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-u-t- (“beer”) (Proto-Slavic *olъ, Proto-Germanic *alu, Old Prussian alu, Old Armenian աւղի (awłi)), and if so, akin to olut, a later borrowing from Baltic or Germanic.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kalja
- A traditional fermented, homemade, weak table drink made of malt and sugar, closely resembling kvass; its alcohol content is between 0.8 and 2.2 %.
- Synonym: (see usage notes) kotikalja
- (informal) Synonym of olut (“beer”)
Usage notes edit
- The difference between kalja and kvass (a drink popular in Eastern Europe, called kvassi or taari in Finnish) is that the former is made from malt, whereas kvass is usually made of bread. Nevertheless, kalja is sometimes metonymically used to refer to kvass or other similar beverages in other cultures as well.
- The use of the term kalja to refer to beer in informal language is so common that it is now quite common to use kotikalja (strictly speaking only for homemade kalja) to refer to the other sense instead to avoid confusion.
Declension edit
Inflection of kalja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kalja | kaljat | ||
genitive | kaljan | kaljojen | ||
partitive | kaljaa | kaljoja | ||
illative | kaljaan | kaljoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | kalja | kaljat | ||
accusative | nom. | kalja | kaljat | |
gen. | kaljan | |||
genitive | kaljan | kaljojen kaljainrare | ||
partitive | kaljaa | kaljoja | ||
inessive | kaljassa | kaljoissa | ||
elative | kaljasta | kaljoista | ||
illative | kaljaan | kaljoihin | ||
adessive | kaljalla | kaljoilla | ||
ablative | kaljalta | kaljoilta | ||
allative | kaljalle | kaljoille | ||
essive | kaljana | kaljoina | ||
translative | kaljaksi | kaljoiksi | ||
abessive | kaljatta | kaljoitta | ||
instructive | — | kaljoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
compounds
Further reading edit
- “kalja”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02