kim
Afrikaans edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch kim, from Middle Dutch kimme.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kim (plural kimme)
Ainu edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kim (Kana spelling キム)
Derived terms edit
- kimpe (“bear”)
Descendants edit
- Western Old Japanese: [script needed] (kî)
References edit
- Bugaeva, Anna. Handbook of the Ainu Language, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501502859
Azerbaijani edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).[1] Cognate with Turkish kim, Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), etc.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
kim (definite accusative kimi, plural kimlər)
Declension edit
| Declension of kim | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| nominative | kim |
kimlər | ||||||
| definite accusative | kimi |
kimləri | ||||||
| dative | kimə |
kimlərə | ||||||
| locative | kimdə |
kimlərdə | ||||||
| ablative | kimdən |
kimlərdən | ||||||
| definite genitive | kimin |
kimlərin | ||||||
Derived terms edit
See also edit
| English | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| what | nə, nəmənə (South Azerbaijani) |
| who | kim |
| which | hansı |
| which (in a numbered series) | neçənci |
| who (by occupation) | nəçi |
| who (by origin) | haralı |
| where (which place) | hara |
| where (at which place) | harada |
| whither (to which place) | hara, haraya |
| whence (from which place) | haradan |
| when | nə vaxt, nə zaman, haçan, havaxt (colloquial) |
| why | niyə, nə üçün, neyçün |
| how | necə, nətər |
| how much | nə qədər |
| how many | neçə |
References edit
- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kem, *Ka-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Crimean Tatar edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).
Pronoun edit
kim
Declension edit
| nominative | kim |
|---|---|
| genitive | kimniñ |
| dative | kimge |
| accusative | kimni |
| locative | kimde |
| ablative | kimden |
References edit
Danish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kim c or n (singular definite kimen or kimet, plural indefinite kim, plural definite kimene)
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch kimme. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kim f (plural kimmen, diminutive kimmetje n)
Synonyms edit
Anagrams edit
Eskayan edit
Pronoun edit
kim
Hokkien edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of kim – see 金 (“copper; metal; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 金). |
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
ki (“who”) + -m (“my, of mine”, possessive suffix)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
kim
- first-person singular single-possession possessive of ki
- Kim vagy te nekem? - Én nem Kim vagyok, hanem a bácsikád. ― Who of mine are you? - I'm not Kim but your uncle.
Declension edit
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kim | — |
| accusative | kimet | — |
| dative | kimnek | — |
| instrumental | kimmel | — |
| causal-final | kimért | — |
| translative | kimmé | — |
| terminative | kimig | — |
| essive-formal | kimként | — |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | kimben | — |
| superessive | kimen | — |
| adessive | kimnél | — |
| illative | kimbe | — |
| sublative | kimre | — |
| allative | kimhez | — |
| elative | kimből | — |
| delative | kimről | — |
| ablative | kimtől | — |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
kimé | — |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
kiméi | — |
Karaim edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Relate to Crimean Tatar kim ,Karachay-Balkar ким (kim) ,Kumyk ким (kim) , Urum ким (kim) ,Tofa ӄум (qum), Tuvan кым (kım), etc.
Pronoun edit
kim
References edit
Khalaj edit
| Perso-Arabic | کیم | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
kim (oblique, plural stem)
- Alternative form of kêm (“who”).
References edit
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1988) Grammatik des Chaladsch [Grammar of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, →OCLC
Livonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *kümmen. Akin to Finnish kymmenen.
Numeral edit
kim
Usage notes edit
In names of tens kim takes on the form kimdõ – declension type 118 – sieldõ. In vīžkimdõ both compound components are declineable, e.g., in genitive vīdkimdõ.
Declension edit
| singular (ikšlug) | plural (pǟgiņlug) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīv) | kim | kimmõd |
| genitive (genitīv) | kim | kimmõd |
| partitive (partitīv) | kimmõ | kimmidi |
| dative (datīv) | kimmõn | kimmõdõn |
| instrumental (instrumentāl) | kimmõks | kimmõdõks |
| illative (illatīv) | kimmõ | kimmiž |
| inessive (inesīv) | kims kimsõ |
kimmis |
| elative (elatīv) | kimst kimstõ |
kimmist |
Related terms edit
See also edit
Lower Sorbian edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
kim
- instrumental of chto
- locative of chto
Middle Vietnamese edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Vietic *kiːm, from Chinese 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums).
Noun edit
kim
Descendants edit
- Vietnamese: kim
References edit
Muong edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Vietic *kiːm, from Chinese 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums). Cognate with Vietnamese kim.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kim
- (Mường Bi) needle
References edit
- Nguyễn Văn Khang, Bùi Chỉ, Hoàng Văn Hành (2002) Từ điển Mường - Việt (Muong - Vietnamese dictionary), Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Dân tộc Hà Nội
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Noun edit
kim m (definite singular kimen, indefinite plural kimar, definite plural kimane)
- Alternative form of kime
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
kim
- instrumental of kto
- locative of kto
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from German Kümmel, from Latin cuminum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kȉm m (Cyrillic spelling ки̏м)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
kȋm (Cyrillic spelling ки̑м)
- (with) whom (instrumental)
Declension edit
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish كیم (kim, “who”), from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), Karakhanid كِمْ (kim, “who”).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
kim
Declension edit
| Inflection | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kim | |
| Definite accusative | kimi | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | kim | kimler |
| Definite accusative | kimi | kimleri |
| Dative | kime | kimlere |
| Locative | kimde | kimlerde |
| Ablative | kimden | kimlerden |
| Genitive | kimin | kimlerin |
Derived terms edit
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [kim˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [kim˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [kim˧˧]
Audio (Hà Nội) (file)
Etymology 1 edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 金 (“metal; gold”).
This reading is irregular, the expected reading would be *câm; cf. cấm < 禁 (MC kimH), cầm < 琴 (MC gim). ⟨-im⟩ is a very rare rime in Sino-Vietnamese proper, with this and the homophonous kim < 今 (MC kim) being the only examples.
It is possible that the usage of kim as the Sino-Vietnamese reading for 金 (MC kim) and 今 (MC kim) was to avoid homophony with câm (“mute”), although it is difficult to be sure. The much less common 衿 (MC kim) (that basically has no usage in Vietnamese) is considered to have the expected reading câm.
Also possibly compare Korean 금 (geum) and 김 (gim), the former is the expected Sino-Korean reading of 金 (MC kim) while the latter found chiefly as a surname.
Noun edit
kim
- (rare, only in compounds) metal
- ánh kim
- metallic shininess
- Metal, one of the Wu Xing
- Thổ sinh kim. Kim sinh thuỷ.
Hoả khắc kim. Kim khắc mộc.- Earth bears Metal. Metal enriches Water.
Fire melts Metal. Metal chops Wood.
- Earth bears Metal. Metal enriches Water.
Derived terms edit
- Kim
- á kim
- giả kim
- giả kim thuật
- hoàng kim
- hợp kim
- kim cương
- kim khí
- kim loại
- Kim tinh
- luyện kim
- nhà giả kim (“alchemist”)
- phi kim
- thuật giả kim (“alchemy”)
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Vietnamese kim, from Proto-Vietic *kiːm. Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 針 (“needle”, SV: châm). Cognate to Muong kim.
Noun edit
(classifier cây) kim
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Volapük edit
Pronoun edit
kim
- who (nominative)
Inflection edit
White Hmong edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Chinese 貴 (kʉiH, “expensive”)
Adjective edit
kim
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Mandarin 跪 (guì) ("to kneel").
Verb edit
kim
- to kneel on one knee