klupt
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Baltic *kulp, *klup, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp-, *kʷl̥p- (“to bend (one's) knees, to stumble”), from *kʷel- (“to turn, to move”), whence also celis (“knee”) and cilpa (“loop”), q.v.. Cognates include Lithuanian klùpti, klaũptis (“to kneel”), Old Prussian klupstis (“knee”), poquelbton ([pakvelptan], “having flexed one's knees, having fallen on one's knees”), German holpern (“to jolt; to go stumbling”) (< *holpeln).[1]
Pronunciation edit
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Verb edit
klupt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present klūpu, klūpi, klūp, past klupu)
- to stumble, to trip (to move or bend forward quickly and unexpectedly because (one's) foot slipped, got stuck, etc.)
- klupt uz līdzenas vietas ― to stumble on a level, smooth spot
- viņš klupa, kājai atsitoties pret akmeni ― he stumbled, hitting (his) foot against the stone, rock
- pāris reižu viņa klūp, nokrīt uz ceļiem ― a few times she stumbles, (she) falls on the road
- klupdams krizdams ― (while) stumbling and falling (i.e., in a hurry, excitedly, headlong)
- zirgs klupa un izmeta jātnieku no sedliem ― the horse stumbled and threw the rider off the saddle
- to stumble (to move or bend forward quickly)
- kad Līze pēdīgi atnāca un jau no tālienes redzēja Jāni nekustošu pie zemes guļot, viņa kā ārprātīga klupa Jānim blakus zemē
- when Līze finally came and saw from afar Jānis lying motionless on the ground, she stumbled (= ran to) near Jānis like a madwoman
- to move, bend forward quickly and grab something
- 'Alberts nogrūž puiku no sēdekļa un klūp airos ― Alberts dumped the boy from the seat and grabbed the (lit. in the) oars
- to approach and attack quickly, to pounce, to jump, fall on
- suns klūp kaķiem virsū ― the dog fell, pounced on the cats
- izsalkūšas aitas klupa klāt pie siles ― the hungry sheep threw themselves, attacked the trough
- saukt lietas īstajā vārdā, tas nozīmē klupt otram bārdā ― to call the things by (lit. in) their true name(s), that means to fall on someone else's beard (= to attack someone)
Conjugation edit
conjugation of klupt
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | klūpu | klupu | klupšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | klūpi | klupi | klupsi | klūpi |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | klūp | klupa | klups | lai klūp |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | klūpam | klupām | klupsim | klupsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | klūpat | klupāt | klupsiet, klupsit |
klūpiet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | klūp | klupa | klups | lai klūp |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | klūpot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | klūpošs | ||
| Past | esot klupis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | klupdams | ||
| Future | klupšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | klūpot | ||
| Imperative | lai klūpot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | klūpam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | klupis | |||
| Present | kluptu | Present Passive | — | ||
| Past | būtu klupis | Past Passive | — | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jāklūp | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | klupt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jāklūp | Negative Infinitive | neklupt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jāklūpot | Verbal noun | klupšana | ||
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “klupt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN