knap
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English knappen (verb) and knappe (“strike”) (noun), an onomatopoeia.
Verb edit
knap (third-person singular simple present knaps, present participle knapping, simple past and past participle knapped)
- (transitive) To shape a brittle material having conchoidal fracture, usually a mineral (flint, obsidian, chert etc.), by breaking away flakes, often forming a sharp edge or point.
- (transitive) To rap or strike sharply.
- 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:
- Knap the tongs together […] about a handful from the bottom.
- 1820, The Edinburgh Monthly Magazine, volume 8, no.43, page 81, October 1820.
- Some entered the ring in very bad condition, and immediately got a-piping, like hot mutton pies - fell on their own blows, and knapped it every round, till they shewed the white feather and bolted.
- 1977, Marilynne K. Roach, Encounters with the Invisible World, →ISBN, page 10:
- "That will be sixpence," he said without looking up. She knapped her lips together and turned on her heel without another word.
- (obsolete, UK, dialect) To bite; to bite off; to break short.
- 1549 March 7, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC:Psalms xlvi. 9
- He breaketh the bow, and knappeth the spear in sunder.
- 1821, John Clare, The Village Minstrel:
- "Horses..turn'd to knap each other at their ease."
- To make a sound of snapping.
- 1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC:
- Press back the head of the Femur into its Acetabulum , and it will knap in
Usage notes edit
(to shape a brittle material) In modern usage knap is restricted to the specific technique of percussion flaking whereby flakes are removed across an entire face or facet leaving a conchoidal fracture. It is distinguished from the more general verb chip and is different from "carve" (removing only part of a face), and "cleave" (breaking along a natural plane). The term is used in archaeology for the production of flaked stone tools and in gunsmithing for the production of gunflints. Knap is rarely used in stonemasonry except to denote fine chipping done with smaller hammers but without the chisel.
Synonyms edit
- (break flakes from brittle material): chip
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Noun edit
knap (plural knaps)
- A sharp blow or slap.
- 2012, Andrew Ashenden, Basics of Stage Combat: Unarmed, →ISBN:
- It tells the audience the punch was thrown, they hear a knap, and the victim is 'injured'.
See also edit
- conchoidal
- flake
- hinge
- pressure flaking
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English knappe (“knob”), from Old English cnæp, akin to cnotta (“knot”).
Noun edit
knap (plural knaps) (chiefly dialect)
- A protuberance; a swelling; a knob.
- 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Building”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:
- you shall see many fine seats set upon a knap of ground
- The crest of a hill
- A small hill
- 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, published 1635, →OCLC:
- the highest part and knap of the same Iland
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
knap (third-person singular simple present knaps, present participle knapping, simple past and past participle knapped)
- Alternative form of nap (“to nab or grab”)
References edit
- John Camden Hotten (1873) The Slang Dictionary
References edit
“knap”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Danish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Probably from Middle Low German knap, otherwise related to it. Further cognate with German knapp, Swedish knapp, Dutch knap.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
knap
Inflection edit
Inflection of knap | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Indefinte common singular | knap | — | —2 |
Indefinite neuter singular | knapt | — | —2 |
Plural | knappe | — | —2 |
Definite attributive1 | knappe | — | — |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Adverb edit
knap
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse knappr, from Proto-Germanic *knappô.
Noun edit
knap c (singular definite knappen, plural indefinite knapper)
Inflection edit
common gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | knap | knappen | knapper | knapperne |
genitive | knaps | knappens | knappers | knappernes |
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Ca. 1500. A word originally found only in Dutch and Low German; compare Middle Low German knap, whence German knapp, Danish knap, Swedish knapp, all “scarce, scant”, also “tight-fitting, small” (of clothes). From the last, Dutch derived “attractive, pretty”, which was then further generalised; cf. semantically German schmücken (“to embellish", originally "to fit tightly”).
Further origin unknown. Perhaps comparable to Ancient Greek κνάπτω (knáptō, “to card wool”), κνέφαλλον (knéphallon, “flock, wool”), in the sense of "tight-fitting, shapely."[1][2]
Adjective edit
knap (comparative knapper, superlative knapst)
- attractive, handsome, pretty
- Synonym: aantrekkelijk
- impressive, decent, rather good or big
- Synonym: netjes
- Oh, dat is best knap.
- Oh, that's pretty impressive.
- smart, intelligent, gifted, clever
- (archaic) lissom, agile, brisk, fresh
- (archaic) tight-fitting, shapely
- (archaic) tight (of a budget), scarce
Inflection edit
Inflection of knap | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | knap | |||
inflected | knappe | |||
comparative | knapper | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | knap | knapper | het knapst het knapste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | knappe | knappere | knapste |
n. sing. | knap | knapper | knapste | |
plural | knappe | knappere | knapste | |
definite | knappe | knappere | knapste | |
partitive | knaps | knappers | — |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Caribbean Javanese: knap
Adverb edit
knap
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
knap
- inflection of knappen:
References edit
- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “knap2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
- ^ P.A.F. van Veen en N. van der Sijs (1997), Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden, 2e druk, Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht/Antwerpen
Kashubian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
knap (not comparable)
Further reading edit
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old English cnæp.
Noun edit
knap
- Alternative form of knappe (“knob”)
Etymology 2 edit
Possibly onomatopoeic.
Noun edit
knap
- Alternative form of knappe (“strike”)
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Adjective edit
knap (Cyrillic spelling кнап)
Adverb edit
knap (Cyrillic spelling кнап)
Related terms edit
Swedish edit
Noun edit
knap c
Declension edit
Declension of knap | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | knap | knapen | knapar | knaparna |
Genitive | knaps | knapens | knapars | knaparnas |
References edit
- knap in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- knap in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- knap in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)