last
English edit
1 | 2 → [a], [b], [c] | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: one Ordinal: first Latinate ordinal: primary Reverse order ordinal: last Latinate reverse order ordinal: ultimate Adverbial: one time, once Multiplier: onefold Latinate multiplier: single Distributive: singly Group collective: onesome Multipart collective: singlet Greek or Latinate collective: monad Greek collective prefix: mono- Latinate collective prefix: uni- Fractional: whole Elemental: singlet Greek prefix: proto- Number of musicians: solo Number of years: year |
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: läst, IPA(key): /lɑːst/
- (General American) enPR: lăst, IPA(key): /læst/
Audio (US) (file) - (Northern England) IPA(key): /last/
- (Scotland) IPA(key): /ɫast/
- Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English laste, latst, syncopated variant of latest.
Adjective edit
last (not comparable)
- Final, ultimate, coming after all others of its kind.
- “Eyes Wide Shut” was the last film to be directed by Stanley Kubrick.
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
- Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […] , down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
- Most recent, latest, last so far.
- The last time I saw him, he was married.
- I have received your note dated the 17th last, and am responding to say that […] (archaic usage)
- 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
- She told him the last news about little Georgy, and how he was gone to spend that very day with his sisters in the country.
- 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist[1], volume 407, number 8837, page 74:
- In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year.
- Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely, or least preferable.
- He is the last person to be accused of theft.
- The last person I want to meet is Helen.
- More rain is the last thing we need right now.
- Being the only one remaining of its class.
- Japan is the last empire.
- Supreme; highest in degree; utmost.
- 1802, Robert Hall, Reflections on War:
- Contending for principles of the last importance.
- Lowest in rank or degree.
- Three contestants will win awards, but the last prize is just a book voucher.
- 1797, Richard Cumberland, The Last of the Family; republished as The Posthumous Dramatick Words of the Late Richard Cumberland, Esq., volume 2, 1813, page 237:
- I will not wish you to consider me but as the last and lowest of mankind.
- 1899, Richard Savage, The White Lady of Khaminavatka: A Story of the Ukraine, page 186:
- The whole community from the patrician master to the last beggar knew that in the five months when the generous bosom of the steppe throbbed with creative life, they must toil for the subsistence of all […]
- 1970, Julius Fast, Body Language, →ISBN, page 39:
- Lesser, but still important executives had offices without corner windows. The rank below this had offices without windows at all. […] The last rank had desks out in an open room.
- 2003 March 31, Marko Peljhan, “Lecture: March 31, 2003”, in Jen Budney, Adrian Blackwell, editors, Unboxed Engagements in Social Space, published 2005, →ISBN, page 110:
- Russia is a very different place than here. […] Even the last soldier knows who Malevich was, and what the Black Square is, since they were taught this in school.
Synonyms edit
- (final): at the end, caboose, dernier (dated), final, tail end, terminal, ultimate, lattermost
- (most recent): latest, most recent
Derived terms edit
- at last
- at long last
- at the last
- at the last minute
- at the last moment
- be born last week
- belay my last
- born at night but not last night
- breathe one's last
- breathe one's last breath
- close one's eyes for the last time
- come down in the last shower
- court of last resort
- darning last
- dead last
- die in the last ditch
- draw one's last breath
- drug of last resort
- every last
- fall at the last hurdle
- fall at the last hurdle
- famous last words
- Fermat's last theorem
- first and last
- for the last time
- from first to last
- get on someone's last nerve
- get the last laugh
- have seen one's last gum tree
- have the last laugh
- hear the last of
- he laughs best that laughs last
- he who laughs last laughs best
- he who laughs last laughs hardest
- I can't remember the last time
- if it's the last thing I do
- in the last analysis
- last 16
- last antecedent rule
- last big thing
- last-born
- last burst of fire
- last but one
- last call
- last cast
- last chance saloon
- last dance
- last day
- last-ditch
- last ditch
- last eight
- last four
- last full measure
- last-gasp
- last gasp
- last hoorah
- last hurrah
- last I checked
- last I heard
- last in first out
- last known good
- last man standing
- last meal
- last-mentioned
- last mile
- last minute
- last-minute
- last moment
- last nail in the coffin
- last name
- last-named
- last night
- last of the big spenders
- last orders
- last out
- last photon orbit
- last post
- last quarter
- last resort
- last respects
- last rites
- last roundup
- last sixteen
- last stand
- last straw
- last survivor
- last thing
- last thing one needs
- last time
- last-time
- last time I checked
- last trump
- last week
- last will
- last will and testament
- last word
- last-wordism
- last words
- last year
- lender of last resort
- letter of last resort
- let the cobbler stick to his last
- next to last
- next-to-last
- nice guys finish last
- one's last
- on one's last legs
- pay one's last respects
- put the last hand to
- second-from-last
- second from last
- second-last
- second last
- second to last
- second-to-last
- see the last of
- the last favour
- the last I heard
- the night before last
- the pitcher goes so often to the well that it is broken at last
- third last
- third to last
- too good to last
- to the last
- to the last man
- trade-last
- until the last dog is hung
- what did your last slave die of
- with one's last breath
- you're only as good as your last shift
Translations edit
|
|
Determiner edit
last
- The (one) immediately before the present.
- We went there last year.
- I was last to arrive.
- (of days of the week or months of the year) Closest in the past, or closest but one if the closest was very recent; of days, sometimes thought to specifically refer to the instance closest to seven days (one week) ago, or the most recent instance before seven days (one week) ago.
- It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday; that is, not yesterday, but eight days ago.
- When you say last Monday, do you mean the Monday just gone, or the one before that?
Usage notes edit
- (both senses): This cannot be used in past or future tense to refer to a time immediately before the subject matter. For example, one does not say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well last night: last night in that sentence refers to the night before the speaker is speaking, not the night before the "yesterday" to which he refers. He would need to say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well the night before or the like.
Translations edit
Adverb edit
last (not comparable)
- Most recently.
- When we last met, he was based in Toronto.
- c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:
- How long is't now since last yourself and I / Were in a mask?
- (sequence) after everything else; finally
- I'll go last as I have to add the butter last.
- 1717, William Congreve, Samuel Croxall, John Dryden, Laurence Eusden, John Ozell, “Book X”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
- Pleased with his idol, he commends, admires, / Adores; and, last, the thing adored desires.
Synonyms edit
- (after everything else): finally, lastly; see also Thesaurus:lastly
Translations edit
|
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English lasten, from Old English lǣstan, from Proto-West Germanic *laistijan, from Proto-Germanic *laistijaną. Cognate with German leisten (“yield”).
Verb edit
last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)
- (intransitive) To endure, continue over time.
- Summer seems to last longer each year.
- They seem happy now, but that won't last long.
- 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:
- Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].
- 2023 November 15, Prof. Jim Wild, “This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL, number 996, page 30:
- One of the earliest (and biggest) space weather events on record occurred in September 1859, when a massive solar eruption crashed into the Earth's magnetosphere, triggering a geomagnetic storm that lasted for days.
- (intransitive) To hold out, continue undefeated or entire.
- I don't know how much longer we can last without reinforcements.
- (intransitive, slang, of a man) To purposefully refrain from orgasm
- (transitive, obsolete) To perform, carry out.
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
|
|
Etymology 3 edit
From Old English lǣste, Proto-Germanic *laistiz. Compare Swedish läst, German Leisten Dutch leest, Proto-Germanic *laistaz (“footprint”).
Noun edit
last (plural lasts)
- A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.
- 2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,
- How is an in-your-face black leather thigh-high lace-up boot with a four-inch spike heel like a man's black calf lace-up oxford? They are both made on a last, the wood or plastic foot-shaped form that leather is stretched over and shaped to make a shoe.
- 2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
|
Verb edit
last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)
- To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last.
- to last a boot
Etymology 4 edit
From Middle English last, from Old English hlæst (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with West Frisian lêst, Dutch last, German Last, Swedish last, Icelandic lest.
Noun edit
- (obsolete) A burden; load; a cargo; freight.
- (obsolete) A measure of weight or quantity, varying in designation depending on the goods concerned.
- 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, Kupperman, published 1988, page 114:
- Now we so quietly followed our businesse, that in three moneths wee made three or foure Last of Tarre, Pitch, and Sope ashes [...].
- 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 169:
- The last of wool is twelve sacks.
- (obsolete) An old English (and Dutch) measure of the carrying capacity of a ship, equal to two tons.
- 1942 (1601), T D Mutch, The First Discovery of Australia, page 14,
- The tonnage of the Duyfken of Harmensz's fleet is given as 25 and 30 lasten.
- 1942 (1601), T D Mutch, The First Discovery of Australia, page 14,
- A load of some commodity with reference to its weight and commercial value.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
Further reading edit
- “last”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- last (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- last on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams edit
Chinese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation 1 edit
Adjective edit
last
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) last (final; ultimate)
Pronunciation 2 edit
Verb edit
last
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) to last (to endure)
Danish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Low German last, from the verb laden (“to transport”), from Old Saxon hladan.
Noun edit
last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)
- cargo
- cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
- weight, burden
Inflection edit
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse lǫstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).
Noun edit
last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)
Inflection edit
Etymology 3 edit
See laste (“to load, carry”) and laste (“to blame”).
Verb edit
last
- imperative of laste
Further reading edit
- last on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch last, from Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.
Noun edit
last m (plural lasten, diminutive lastje n)
- load, weight
- burden
- hindrance, problem
- expense
- (law) requirement, duty
- (dated) A measure of volume, 3 cubic meter
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Negerhollands: last
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
last
- inflection of lassen:
Anagrams edit
Estonian edit
Noun edit
last (genitive lasti, partitive lasti)
Declension edit
Declension of last (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | last | lastid | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | lasti | ||
genitive | lastide | ||
partitive | lasti | laste lastisid | |
illative | lasti lastisse |
lastidesse lastesse | |
inessive | lastis | lastides lastes | |
elative | lastist | lastidest lastest | |
allative | lastile | lastidele lastele | |
adessive | lastil | lastidel lastel | |
ablative | lastilt | lastidelt lastelt | |
translative | lastiks | lastideks lasteks | |
terminative | lastini | lastideni | |
essive | lastina | lastidena | |
abessive | lastita | lastideta | |
comitative | lastiga | lastidega |
Noun edit
last
Faroese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse lǫstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).
Noun edit
last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)
Inflection edit
Declension of last | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | last | lastin | lastir | lastirnar |
accusative | last | lastina | lastir | lastirnar |
dative | last | lastini | lastum | lastunum |
genitive | lastar | lastarinnar | lasta | lastanna |
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Low German last, from the verb lāden (“to load”), from Old Saxon hladan.
Noun edit
last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)
- cargo
- cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
Inflection edit
Declension of last | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | last | lastin | lastir | lastirnar |
accusative | last | lastina | lastir | lastirnar |
dative | last | lastini | lastum | lastunum |
genitive | lastar | lastarinnar | lasta | lastanna |
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Verb edit
last
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
See löstur (“fault, vice, reprehensible action”)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
last n (genitive singular lasts, no plural)
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
- (blame): baktal
Derived terms edit
- guðlast (“blasphemy”)
Related terms edit
- lasta (“to blame”)
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.
Noun edit
last m or f or n
- load, weight
- task, duty, obligation
- tax (money)
- (emotional) difficulty, sorrow
- a unit of volume
Inflection edit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “last”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “last”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Low German last.
Noun edit
last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster, definite plural lastene)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
last
- imperative of laste
References edit
- “last” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Low German last.
Noun edit
last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster or lastar, definite plural lastene or lastane)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “last” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *laist, along with the feminine variant lǣst.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
lāst m (nominative plural lāstas)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *volstь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *walˀstís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁-.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
lȃst f
Inflection edit
Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent | ||
---|---|---|
nominative | lást | |
genitive | lastí | |
singular | ||
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
lást | |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
— | |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
— | |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
— | |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
lásti | |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
lastjó |
Further reading edit
- “last”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Low German last, from the verb lāden (“to load”), from Old Saxon hladan.
Noun edit
last c
- cargo
- load; a burden
- load; a certain amount that can be processed at one time
- (engineering) load; a force on a structure
- (electrical engineering) load; any component that draws current or power
Declension edit
Declension of last | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | last | lasten | laster | lasterna |
Genitive | lasts | lastens | lasters | lasternas |
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Swedish laster (Old Icelandic lǫstr), from Old Norse löstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic *lahaną (“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High German lastar (“vice”).
Noun edit
last c
Declension edit
Declension of last | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | last | lasten | laster | lasterna |
Genitive | lasts | lastens | lasters | lasternas |