laukku
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Unknown. Saarikivi postulates a borrowing from Russian ла́вка (lávka); the word would have originally referred to wandering traders (laukkuryssä), with later semantic shift through the bags they carried.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
laukku
- bag, case (firm container made out of cloth, leather, plastic, etc.)
- rattle (any plant of the genus Rhinanthus)
Usage notes edit
The Finnish words kassi, laukku, pussi, and säkki can all be translated into English as "bag". Even though there are no clear-cut distinctions between them, they refer to different kinds of bags, and usually only one of them is used for certain kinds of bags, e.g. ostoskassi (“shopping bag”), hedelmäpussi (“plastic bag for fruits and vegetables”), viljasäkki (“sack/bag of grain”), and matkalaukku (“suitcase”).
- A laukku is a bag used to carry personal items, often with a handle or a carrying strap, that is meant for long-term use and usually made of stiffer materials, like leather, strong textiles, or even hard materials, like plastics. Examples include suitcases (and some other cases), handbags and satchels.
- A kassi is a flexible but relatively large bag made of textile, plastic, paper, or other soft material. It is used to carry goods such as groceries from one place to another, or (somewhat less often) carries personal belongings like laukku. It may be reusable. Examples include (larger) shopping bags and travel bags.
- A pussi has two main meanings. First, it may refer to bags used for packaging or storage. Second, it may mean a bag used similarly to kassi, but smaller and less reusable. A pussi is often made of paper or plastic. Examples include small paper or plastic shopping bags, food packaging bags and zip bags.
- A säkki is a sack, a large, flexible yet strong bag without a handle that is used to carry larger amounts of certain commodities, such as flour, rice, potatoes or coal.
Examples
- A luggage container may be called laukku or kassi, with the former usually implying a more stiff bag than kassi, which is often quite flexible and has some 'give'. A matkalaukku is a suitcase, trunk or a carry-on roller, while a matkakassi is a travel bag.
- A shopping bag used to carry e.g. groceries or other goods would generally be called either a kassi and pussi, depending on its size. A kassi is usually larger, more stiff or possibly reusable, while a pussi is generally smaller, more flexible or not meant for long-term use.
- Food packaged in bags are packaged in pussi, although hundreds of potatoes may fit in a säkki (“sack”).
-
laukku -
laukku -
kassi -
kassi -
kassi -
pussi -
pussi -
pussi -
säkki
Declension edit
| Inflection of laukku (Kotus type 1*A/valo, kk-k gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | laukku | laukut | ||
| genitive | laukun | laukkujen | ||
| partitive | laukkua | laukkuja | ||
| illative | laukkuun | laukkuihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | laukku | laukut | ||
| accusative | nom. | laukku | laukut | |
| gen. | laukun | |||
| genitive | laukun | laukkujen | ||
| partitive | laukkua | laukkuja | ||
| inessive | laukussa | laukuissa | ||
| elative | laukusta | laukuista | ||
| illative | laukkuun | laukkuihin | ||
| adessive | laukulla | laukuilla | ||
| ablative | laukulta | laukuilta | ||
| allative | laukulle | laukuille | ||
| essive | laukkuna | laukkuina | ||
| translative | laukuksi | laukuiksi | ||
| abessive | laukutta | laukuitta | ||
| instructive | — | laukuin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
Derived terms edit
compounds
- attasealaukku
- ensiapulaukku
- eväslaukku
- iltalaukku
- kameralaukku
- kantolaukku
- karttalaukku
- karvalaukku
- kirjekuorilaukku
- koululaukku
- kylmälaukku
- kärrylaukku
- käsilaukku
- käärmeennahkalaukku
- lannelaukku
- laukkukauppa
- laukkukauppias
- laukkuliike
- laukkuryssä
- lentolaukku
- lääkärinlaukku
- mahalaukku
- matkalaukku
- meikkilaukku
- metsästyslaukku
- nahkalaukku
- olkalaukku
- ostoslaukku
- patruunalaukku
- pikkulaukku
- polkupyörälaukku
- pukulaukku
- pyörälaukku
- rahastuslaukku
- rannelaukku
- satulalaukku
- sisnalaukku
- sivulaukku
- tietokonelaukku
- toalettilaukku
- toilettilaukku
- työkalulaukku
- valmiuslaukku
- vatsalaukku
- vetolaukku
- vyölaukku
- vyötärölaukku
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Saarikivi, Janne. Itämerensuomalais-slaavilaisten kontaktien tutkimuksen nykytilasta. Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 258. Helsinki 2009.
Further reading edit
- “laukku”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Karelian edit
Etymology edit
Unknown. Cognates include Finnish laukku (see it for theories).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
laukku (genitive laukun, partitive laukuo)
References edit
- P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 83
Livvi edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *laukka. Cognates include Finnish laukka and Estonian lauk.
Noun edit
laukku (genitive laukan, partitive laukkua)
- onion (Allium fistulosum)
- onion (the vegetable)
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Russian лавка (lavka). Cognates include Finnish lafka and Veps lauk.
Noun edit
laukku (genitive laukan, partitive laukkua)
References edit
- N. Gilojeva, S. Rudakova (2009) Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect][2] (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 3
- Tatjana Boiko (2019) Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 140