lever
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈliː.və/,[1]
Audio (RP) (file) - Hyphenation: le‧ver
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈlɛv.ɚ/, /ˈliː.vɚ/,[2][3]
Audio (GA) (file) - Hyphenation: lev‧er, le‧ver
- (Canada) IPA(key): /ˈliː.vɚ/
- Rhymes: -iːvə(ɹ), -ɛvə(ɹ)
- Homophones: leaver, Lever
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English lever, levore, levour, from Old French leveor, leveur (“a lifter, lever (also Old French and French levier)”), from Latin levātor (“a lifter”), from levō (“to raise”).
Noun edit
lever (plural levers)
- (mechanics) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; — used for transmitting and modifying force and motion.
- Specifically, a bar of metal, wood or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.
- A small such piece to trigger or control a mechanical device (like a button).
- (mechanics) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it.
- 2012 March, Henry Petroski, “Opening Doors”, in American Scientist[1], volume 100, number 2, pages 112–3:
- A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.
- (mechanics) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it.
- (obsolete, except in generalized senses below) A crowbar.
- 1613, John Marston, William Barksted, The Insatiate Countess, IV.1:
- My lord, I brained him with a lever my neighbour lent me, and he stood by and cried, ‘Strike home, old boy!’
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb edit
lever (third-person singular simple present levers, present participle levering, simple past and past participle levered)
- (transitive) To move with a lever.
- With great effort and a big crowbar I managed to lever the beam off the floor.
- 1938 April, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter VII, in Homage to Catalonia, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:
- Someone found a pick and levered a burst plank out of the floor, and in a few minutes we had got a fire alight and our drenched clothes were steaming.
- (figuratively, transitive) To use, operate or move (something) like a lever (physically).
- 1961, V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr Biswas, Vintage International, published 2001, Part Two, Chapter 1:
- Suddenly he had levered himself up from the sofa, rocking the lame man violently, and was walking towards the receptionist.
- (figuratively, transitive) To use (something) like a lever (in an abstract sense).
- 2001 April 9, Joshua Cooper Ramo, “Bagging the Butcher”, in Time:
- He was a man who levered his way from small-time communist hack to political power by tapping into the most potent vein of historical juice in the Balkans: nationalism.
- 2013 December 8, Robert McCrum, “Biographies of the year — review”, in The Guardian:
- Credited with pioneering the detective novel, Collins has attracted many biographers over the years, drawn to his extraordinary life and work in the hope of levering open a new understanding of the Victorian psyche.
- (chiefly UK, finance) To increase the share of debt in the capitalization of a business.
- 1989 June 26, “Corporate America wants its privacy”, in Minneapolis Star-Tribune:
- "The equity holders want you to 'lever up,' use as much debt as you can," said David Stanley, chairman of Kansas City-based Payless Cashways,
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English lever, comparative of leve, leef (“dear, beloved, lief”), equivalent to lief + -er. Related to German lieber (“rather”).
Alternative forms edit
Adverb edit
lever (not comparable)
- (obsolete) Rather.
- 1530, John Heywood, The Four PP:
- for I had lever be without ye / Then have suche besines about ye
- [1531, William Tyndale, transl.], The prophete Ionas […], [Antwerp: Merten de Keyser], chapter iiij:[3]:
- Now therfore take my life from me / for I had leuer dye then liue.
- 1571, John Calvin, “Iohn Calvin to the Godly Readers Sendeth Greeting”, in Arthur Golding, transl., The Psalmes of Dauid and Others. VVith M. Iohn Caluin’s Commentaries, London: […] Thomas East and Henry Middelton; for Lucas Harison, and G[e]orge Byshop, →OCLC, 1st part:
- For although they were worthy of any puniſhment: yit had I leuer they might haue flooriſhed in welfare and ſafetie: […]
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 128:
- For leuer had I die, then ſee his deadly face.
Translations edit
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
lever (plural levers)
- (rare) A levee.
- 1742, Miss Robinson, Mrs. Delany's Letters, II.191:
- We do not appear at Phœbus's Levér.
- 2011 September 21, Tim Blanning, “The reinvention of the night”, in Times Literary Supplement:
- Louis XIV’s day began with a lever at 9 and ended (officially) at around midnight.
Further reading edit
- “lever”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “lever”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
References edit
- ^ “lever”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “lever”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- ^ “lever”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
Anagrams edit
Danish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Danish liuær, from Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, cognate with English liver and German Leber. The Germanic word may be an irregular remodelling of the Proto-Indo-European word for "liver", *yókʷr̥, cf. Ancient Greek ἧπαρ (hêpar) and Latin iecur.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
lever c (singular definite leveren, plural indefinite levere)
Inflection edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
lever
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
lever or levér
- imperative of levere
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch lēvere, from Old Dutch *levara, from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō.
Noun edit
lever f (plural levers, diminutive levertje n)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Afrikaans: lewer
- Berbice Creole Dutch: lefre
- Negerhollands: leber
- → Aukan: lebii
- → Indonesian: lever
- → Saramaccan: lebèn
- → Sranan Tongo: lefre
- → Caribbean Javanese: léfer
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
lever
- inflection of leveren:
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French lever, from Old French lever, from Latin levāre (“to elevate”), from levis (“light, not heavy”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
lever
- (transitive) to raise, lift
- Antonym: baisser
- (reflexive) to rise, stand up
- Antonym: s’abaisser
- (reflexive) (of celestial bodies) To rise, come up
- Antonym: se coucher
- Le Soleil se lève à l’est et se couche à l’ouest. ― The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
- (reflexive) to get up (out of bed)
- Antonyms: se coucher, s’allonger
- Je me lève, je me lave. ― I get up, I wash.
- (reflexive, of fog, rain and etc) to clear, lift
Conjugation edit
This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il lève and the third-person singular future indicative il lèvera.
infinitive | simple | lever | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | levant /lə.vɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | levé /lə.ve/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | lève /lɛv/ |
lèves /lɛv/ |
lève /lɛv/ |
levons /lə.vɔ̃/ |
levez /lə.ve/ |
lèvent /lɛv/ |
imperfect | levais /lə.vɛ/ |
levais /lə.vɛ/ |
levait /lə.vɛ/ |
levions /lə.vjɔ̃/ |
leviez /lə.vje/ |
levaient /lə.vɛ/ | |
past historic2 | levai /lə.ve/ |
levas /lə.va/ |
leva /lə.va/ |
levâmes /lə.vam/ |
levâtes /lə.vat/ |
levèrent /lə.vɛʁ/ | |
future | lèverai /lɛ.vʁe/ or /le.vʁe/ |
lèveras /lɛ.vʁa/ or /le.vʁa/ |
lèvera /lɛ.vʁa/ or /le.vʁa/ |
lèverons /lɛ.vʁɔ̃/ or /le.vʁɔ̃/ |
lèverez /lɛ.vʁe/ or /le.vʁe/ |
lèveront /lɛ.vʁɔ̃/ or /le.vʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | lèverais /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/ |
lèverais /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/ |
lèverait /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/ |
lèverions /lɛ.və.ʁjɔ̃/ or /le.və.ʁjɔ̃/ |
lèveriez /lɛ.və.ʁje/ or /le.və.ʁje/ |
lèveraient /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | lève /lɛv/ |
lèves /lɛv/ |
lève /lɛv/ |
levions /lə.vjɔ̃/ |
leviez /lə.vje/ |
lèvent /lɛv/ |
imperfect2 | levasse /lə.vas/ |
levasses /lə.vas/ |
levât /lə.va/ |
levassions /lə.va.sjɔ̃/ |
levassiez /lə.va.sje/ |
levassent /lə.vas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | lève /lɛv/ |
— | levons /lə.vɔ̃/ |
levez /lə.ve/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms edit
- au pied levé
- levage
- levant
- Levant
- Levantin
- lève-Dieu
- lève-tard
- levée
- lever du soleil
- lever le camp
- lever le petit doigt
- lever le pied
- lever le voile
- lever les yeux au ciel
- lever l’ancre
- lever un lièvre
- leveur
- levure
- l’avenir appartient à ceux qui se lèvent tôt
- se lever
- se lever du mauvais pied
- se lever du pied gauche
- vote à main levée
Noun edit
lever m (plural levers)
- the act of getting up in the morning
Further reading edit
- “lever”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
lever
- (transitive) to knock down
Conjugation edit
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | leverek | leversz | lever | leverünk | levertek | levernek | |
Def. | leverem | levered | leveri | leverjük | leveritek | leverik | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | levertem | levertél | levert | levertünk | levertetek | levertek | ||
Def. | levertem | leverted | leverte | levertük | levertétek | leverték | |||
2nd-p. o. | levertelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. le fog verni. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | leverék | leverél | levere | leverénk | leverétek | leverének | ||
Def. | leverém | leveréd | leveré | leverénk | leverétek | leverék | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. lever vala, levert vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | leverendek | leverendesz | leverend | leverendünk | leverendetek | leverendenek | ||
Def. | leverendem | leverended | leverendi | leverendjük | leverenditek | leverendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | levernék | levernél | leverne | levernénk | levernétek | levernének | |
Def. | leverném | levernéd | leverné | levernénk (or levernők) |
levernétek | levernék | |||
2nd-p. o. | levernélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. levert volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | leverjek | leverj or leverjél |
leverjen | leverjünk | leverjetek | leverjenek | |
Def. | leverjem | leverd or leverjed |
leverje | leverjük | leverjétek | leverjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. levert légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | leverni | levernem | leverned | levernie | levernünk | levernetek | leverniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
leverés | leverő | levert | leverendő | leverve (levervén) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem ver le or le is ver. |
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | leverhetek | leverhetsz | leverhet | leverhetünk | leverhettek | leverhetnek | |
Def. | leverhetem | leverheted | leverheti | leverhetjük | leverhetitek | leverhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | leverhettem | leverhettél | leverhetett | leverhettünk | leverhettetek | leverhettek | ||
Def. | leverhettem | leverhetted | leverhette | leverhettük | leverhettétek | leverhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | leverheték | leverhetél | leverhete | leverheténk | leverhetétek | leverhetének | ||
Def. | leverhetém | leverhetéd | leverheté | leverheténk | leverhetétek | leverheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. leverhet vala, leverhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | leverhetendek or leverandhatok |
leverhetendesz or leverandhatsz |
leverhetend or leverandhat |
leverhetendünk or leverandhatunk |
leverhetendetek or leverandhattok |
leverhetendenek or leverandhatnak | ||
Def. | leverhetendem or leverandhatom |
leverhetended or leverandhatod |
leverhetendi or leverandhatja |
leverhetendjük or leverandhatjuk |
leverhetenditek or leverandhatjátok |
leverhetendik or leverandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhetendelek or leverandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | leverhetnék | leverhetnél | leverhetne | leverhetnénk | leverhetnétek | leverhetnének | |
Def. | leverhetném | leverhetnéd | leverhetné | leverhetnénk (or leverhetnők) |
leverhetnétek | leverhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. leverhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | leverhessek | leverhess or leverhessél |
leverhessen | leverhessünk | leverhessetek | leverhessenek | |
Def. | leverhessem | leverhesd or leverhessed |
leverhesse | leverhessük | leverhessétek | leverhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | leverhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. leverhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (leverhetni) | (leverhetnem) | (leverhetned) | (leverhetnie) | (leverhetnünk) | (leverhetnetek) | (leverhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | leverhető | Neg. adj. | leverhetetlen | Adv. part. | (leverhetve / leverhetvén) | ||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem verhet le or le is verhet. |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- lever in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch lever (“liver”), from Middle Dutch lēvere, from Old Dutch *levara, from Proto-Germanic *librō. Doublet of liver.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
lèvêr (first-person possessive leverku, second-person possessive levermu, third-person possessive levernya)
Alternative forms edit
Further reading edit
- “lever” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin edit
Verb edit
lēver
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Comparative of leve (“dear”) of Germanic origin (compare German lieb) or lief.
Adverb edit
lever
- Rather.
- For him was lever have at his bed's head
Twenty bookes, clad in black or red,
. . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. —The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer - But lever than this worldés good
She would have wist how that it stood —Tales of the Seven Deadly Sins, John Gower.
- For him was lever have at his bed's head
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
lever
- Alternative form of lyvere (“liver”)
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
lever
- Alternative form of lyvere (“living being”)
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French lever.
Verb edit
lever
- to lift
Conjugation edit
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | simple | lever | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | levant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | levé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | leve | leves | leve | levons | levez | levent |
imperfect | levois, levoys | levois, levoys | levoit, levoyt | levions, levyons | leviez, levyez | levoient, levoyent | |
past historic | leva | levas | leva | levasmes | levastes | leverent | |
future | leverai, leveray | leveras | levera | leverons | leverez | leveront | |
conditional | leverois, leveroys | leverois, leveroys | leveroit, leveroyt | leverions, leveryons | leveriez, leveryez | leveroient, leveroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | leve | leves | leve | levons | levez | levent |
imperfect | levasse | levasses | levast | levassions | levassiez | levassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | leve | — | levons | levez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Descendants edit
- French: lever
References edit
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (lever, supplement)
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).
Noun edit
lever m or f (definite singular leveren or levra, indefinite plural levere or levre or levrer, definite plural leverne or levrene)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
lever
- present tense of leve
- imperative of levere
References edit
- “lever” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Akin to English liver.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
lever f (definite singular levra, indefinite plural levrar or levrer, definite plural levrane or levrene)
Alternative forms edit
- (superseded) livr
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
lever
Further reading edit
- “lever” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Latin lēvāre, present active infinitive of lēvō.
Verb edit
lever
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-v, *-vs, *-vt are modified to f, s, t. This verb has a stressed present stem liev distinct from the unstressed stem lev. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | lever | avoir levé | |||||
gerund | en levant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | levant | ||||||
past participle | levé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | lief | lieves | lieve | levons | levez | lievent |
imperfect | levoie, leveie, levoe, leveve | levoies, leveies, levoes, leveves | levoit, leveit, levot, leveve | leviiens, leviens | leviiez, leviez | levoient, leveient, levoent, levevent | |
preterite | levai | levas | leva | levames | levastes | leverent | |
future | leverai | leveras | levera | leverons | leveroiz, levereiz, leverez | leveront | |
conditional | leveroie, levereie | leveroies, levereies | leveroit, levereit | leveriiens, leveriens | leveriiez, leveriez | leveroient, levereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | lief | lies | liet | levons | levez | lievent |
imperfect | levasse | levasses | levast | levissons, levissiens | levissoiz, levissez, levissiez | levassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | lieve | — | levons | levez | — |
Descendants edit
Old Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse hleifr, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz.
Noun edit
lēver m
Declension edit
Descendants edit
- Swedish: lev
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
audio (file)
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).
Noun edit
lever c
Declension edit
Declension of lever | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | lever | levern | levrar | levrarna |
Genitive | levers | leverns | levrars | levrarnas |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- levra (“clot, coagulate”)
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
lever